OBJECTIVE To explore the reasons why individuals recurrently present with asthma to hospital emergency departments. DESIGN A predominantly qualitative study in which participants were interviewed in-depth about their asthma. Data on medication use, respiratory health and asthma knowledge were also collected, and asthma severity was determined from medical records. SETTING A tertiary teachin...

Introduction: Pneumonia causes about two million under five deaths each year, accounting for nearly one in five child deaths globally. Identifying its prevalence in under-five children and the associated factors is crucial to achieve MDG4 in developing countries. Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with pneumonia among under-five child...

INTRODUCTION Rural female adolescents experience unique circumstances to sexual health care and information as compared to urban adolescents. These circumstances are largely due to their more isolated geographical location and rural sociocultural factors. These circumstances may be contributing factors to an incidence of adolescent pregnancy that is higher in rural areas than in urban cities. T...

This publication presents data on Salmonella reports from livestock species in Great Britain (England, Wales and Scotland) collected and collated by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) during 2003 and also provides data from previous years for comparative purposes. The data in the first four chapters cover the reason for sampling and place of sampling, reports of Salm...

Methods Qualitative research was considered most appropriate to understand the attitudes and beliefs of rural women. Semi-structured, one to one interviews were conducted on 12 participants; 4 pregnant women/delivered within 1 year, 4 SBAs and 4 FCHVs/TBAs to gauge a variety of opinions. A purposive approach was used as well as convenience sampling and snowball sampling from the district hospit...

Traps are widely employed for sampling and monitoring mosquito populations for surveillance, ecological and fauna studies. Considering the importance of assessing other technologies for sampling mosquitoes, we addressed the effectiveness of Mosquito Magnet® Independence (MMI) in comparison with those of the CDC trap with CO2 and Lurex3® (CDC-A) and the CDC light trap (CDC-LT). Field collections...

The exposure of children to air pollution in low resource settings is believed to be high because of the common use of biomass fuels for cooking. We used microenvironment sampling to estimate the respirable fraction of air pollution (particles with median diameter less than 4 μm) to which 7-9 year old children in southern Nepal were exposed. Sampling was conducted for a total 2649 h in 55 house...

BACKGROUND Rapid, cost-effective tools are needed to estimate the disease burden of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and norovirus (NoV) in resource-limited settings. METHODS Households with children (6 weeks-17 years) in rural Guatemala were randomly enrolled into 2 parallel AGE surveillance systems: (1) a prospective cohort, which included an enrollment visit followed by 1 year of prospective ob...

human resources development is a key factor and a pre-requisite for achieving sustainable rural development. therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to rural women and girls, as half of the human resource potential of rural communities.women and girls form an important part of society toward rural sustainability development because of their role as future mothers. so, improving their situat...