Micro-channels are made over the Ag+/Na+ ion-exchanged soda-lime glass surface by interaction of an intense Ar+ laser beam and the silver ions inside the glass matrix. The Ar+ laser beam reduces the Ag+ ions inside the matrix. The Ag+ atoms aggregate into silver nano-clusters around the interaction area, inside the glass matrix. Aggregation of the silver atoms and the thermal effects of the int...

Europium doped transparent lead fluorophosphate glass ceramics successfully were prepared with heat treatment of precourse glasses at temperature above glass transition (Tg). X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiment evidenced the formation of PbF2 nanocrystals in glassy matrix. The emission spectra investigation indicate that considerable amount of Eu3+ ions were trapped in crystalline phase, and the...

The aim of this paper is to study the effect of substrate on the Cu3N thin films. At first Cu3N thin films are prepared using DC magnetron sputtering system. Then structural properties, surface roughness, and electrical resistance are studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), the atomic force microscope (AFM) and four-point probe techniques respectively. Finally, the results are investigated and c...

The virtual class 15] construct was rst introduced in the language Beta to provide added expressiveness when used with inheritance. Unfortunately, the virtual class construct in Beta is not statically type-safe. In this paper we show how a generalization of the semantics of object-oriented languages with a MyType construct leads to a variant of virtual classes which needs no run-time checks. Th...

The Virginia Internet safety program is the first statewide educational strategy to improve children's Internet safety. It aims to improve children's Internet safety knowledge through a developmentally appropriate and highly interactive online program. To assess the initial effect of this program, 1,379 fourth graders were assessed with a questionnaire covering ten aspects of Internet safety kn...

ABSTRACT:A mathematical model for the performance prediction of an industrial glass furnace with six ports on each side was developed. This model comprises of two main sub-models for the combustion chamber and glass-melting tank. The first sub-model consists of the models for the combustion and the heat transfer model including, radiation, convection and conduction. The fuel combustion in a...