A signal, such as from a GNSS satellite or microwave sounding system, propagating in the randomly inhomogeneous ionosphere, experiences chaotic modulations of its amplitude and phase. This effect is known scintillation. article reviews basic theoretical concepts simulation strategies for modeling scintillation phenomenon. We focused our attention primarily on methods connected with random phase...

We use scattering theory, simulations, and empirical constraints on interstellar scintillations to discuss the intermittency of radio signals from extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI). The number of ETI sources in the Galaxy has a direct influence on the expected dynamic range of fluxes in a survey, through inverse square-law effects and, equally importantly, by the number of independent statist...

To estimate the tritium doses of the residents living in the vicinity of a nuclear power plant, urine samples of 34 adults were collected from residents living near the Qinshan nuclear power plant. The tritium-in-urine (HTO plus OBT) was measured by liquid scintillation counting. The doses of tritium-in-urine from participants living at 2, 10 and 22 km were in a range of 1.26-6.73 Bq/L, 1.31-3....

90Sr activity was measured with the full spectrum DPM (FS-DPM) counting method after plotting the quench correction curves of 90Sr and 90Y, and the FS-DPM method was applied to determine the 90Sr in liquid waste samples. The optimum regions of 90Sr and 90Y were set for measuring 90Sr with the dual label DPM (DL-DPM) method. The direct measurement of purified 90Sr with spectrum unfolding techniq...

Detecting and quantitating alpha emitting radionuclides are routine tasks in nuclear energy and environmental monitoring. For this purpose, liquid scintillation counting (LSC) is an excellent method because alphas are counted with nearly 100% counting efficiency with low backgrounds, even with severe quenching. Quenching agents such as inorganic acids, organic acids, and extractive scintillator...

The LNE-LNHB, in charge of the French standards for radionuclide metrology, develops primary measurement methods intended for the calibration of secondary measuring instruments, such as used in hospitals, to determine the activity of radiopharmaceuticals injected into patients. The triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) method, based on liquid scintillation counting, is widely implemented fo...

The accessibility of specific sequences in domain V of E. coli 23s rRNA in the 50S subunit to complementary oligodeoxyribonucleotides (cDNA) has been investigated. The apparent percentage of subunits engaged in complex formation was determined by incubation of radiolabeled cDNA probe with 50S subunits, followed by nitrocellulose membrane filtration of the reaction mixtures and measurement of th...