نتایج جستجو برای: scintillation
تعداد نتایج: 5620 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
In this work, the growth of CsI(Tl) crystals as gamma detector was performed using vertical Bridgman method with Ca and Tm co-dopants. For evaluation of the growth crystals, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence and thermoluminescence spectra as well as recorded gamma spectra were employed. In addition, the scintillation properties including energy resolution, scintillation decay time, abs...
Combining Neural Network with Genetic Algorithm for prediction of S4 Parameter using GPS measurement
The ionospheric plasma bubbles cause unpredictable changes in the ionospheric electron density. These variations in the ionospheric layer can cause a phenomenon known as the ionospheric scintillation. Ionospheric scintillation could affect the phase and amplitude of the radio signals traveling through this medium. This phenomenon occurs frequently around the magnetic equator and in low latitu...
For their appropriate temporal resolution, scintillator detectors are used in the Alborz observatory. In this work, the behavior of the scintillation detectors for the passage of electrons with different energies and directions were studied using the simulation code GEANT4. Pulse shapes of scintillation light, and such characteristics as the total number of photons, the rise time and the fallin...
The Organic Bound Tritium (OBT) amount in the body may induce changes in the evaluation of the internal exposure to tritium, due to its different retention time relative to HTO. OBT measurements for urine are not performed routinely, mainly because of the lengthy work needed in preparation of the samples, when using the standard oxygen combustion method. A simpler and more rapid method based on...
Scintillation noise due to the Earth’s turbulent atmosphere can be a dominant noise source in high-precision astronomical photometry when observing bright targets from the ground. Here we describe the phenomenon of scintillation from its physical origins to its effect on photometry. We show that Young’s scintillation-noise approximation used by many astronomers tends to underestimate the median...
The uncertainty in measurements of gross alpha and beta activities in water samples by liquid scintillation counting with alpha/beta discrimination has been evaluated considering the problems typical of low-level measurements of environmental samples. The use of a pulse shape analysis device to discriminate alpha and beta events introduces a correlation between some of the input quantities, and...
Ionospheric scintillation has a great impact on radio propagation and electronic system performance, thus is extensively studied currently. The influence of scintillation on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is particularly evident, making GNSS an effective medium to study characteristics of scintillation. Ionospheric scintillation varies greatly in relation with temporal and spatial di...
In this study, the scintillation and optical properties of pure and silver doped potassium chloride (KCl:Ag) single crystals were reported. Pure and doped KCl bulk single crystals with a good optical quality and free from cracks were grown from the melt using Czochralski technique. Different analysis methods were used to study the optical and scintillation properties of the grown crystals. The ...
Over the last few decades many techniques have been developed for determination of Sr/Y in the environment. Čerenkov counting technique (developed in the 1960s) is widely used, but can be further developed by the application of emerging technologies. For example, it is believed that the application of the triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) liquid scintillation counting method can be used...
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