The presence of illicit discharges in sewerage systems generates an important impact wastewater treatment plants and the ecosystem. In this paper, we present two prototypes for monitoring solids to study effect water height. are based on color infrared LEDs photosensors located at 0° 180° degrees. When photosensor is 180°, all a good range output voltage (approximately 5 V 0 V) R2. However, typ...

Urban areas exercise numerous and strong pressures on water bodies, implying that different external anthropogenic factors also stress groundwater. Sewerage networks play an important role, being the place of wastewater flow. When sewerage deterioration conditions occur, aquifers can be contaminated by contaminants contained within wastewater. The study aims to verify impact leaks in urban semi...

BACKGROUND A city-wide sanitation intervention was started in Salvador, Brazil, in 1997 to improve sewerage coverage from 26% of households to 80%. Our aim was to investigate the epidemiological effect of this city-wide sanitation programme on diarrhoea morbidity in children less than 3 years of age. METHODS The investigation was composed of two longitudinal studies done in 1997-98 before the...

In the context of high depreciation operating facilities (more than 70 %) and insufficient investment in maintenance repair form concessions, Russian regions do not attract necessary for a comprehensive resource-saving modernisation. Thus, most municipalities are characterised by low quality public utility services tariffs. The article substantiates scientific approach to establishment implemen...