Although several late Cretaceous sauropod colonial nesting sites have been discovered nearly on every continent during the last few decades, no studies have been performed to determine the factors that underpinned the choice of these specific sites. Here, we report the first definitive evidence of a group of sauropods that nested repetitively and purposely at a Cretaceous hydrothermal site at S...

Although the temporal overlap between human dispersal across Australia and the disappearance of its largest animals is well established, the lack of unambiguous evidence for human-megafauna interactions has led some to question a human role in megafaunal extinction. Here we show that diagnostic burn patterns on eggshell fragments of the megafaunal bird Genyornis newtoni, found at >200 sites acr...

A central question in biology is how developmental mechanisms are altered to bring about morphological evolution. Drosophilids boast a remarkable diversity in eggshell-appendage number-from as few as one to as many as nine, depending on the species. Appendage patterning in Drosophila melanogaster is well characterized, inviting candidate-gene-based approaches that identify the developmental mec...

In this paper we calculate the Casimir energy for spherical shell with massless self-interacting scalar filed which satisfying Dirichlet boundary conditions on the shell. Using zeta function regularization and heat kernel coefficients we obtain the divergent contributions inside and outside of Casimir energy. The effect of self-interacting term is similar with existing of mass for filed. In thi...

We review the application of configuration-average distorted-wave methods to the photoionization of atoms and molecules. The configuration-average distorted-wave methods are then applied to calculate photoionization cross sections for outer and inner subshells of the C atom and the outer subshell of the C2 molecule. Comparisons are made with previous R-matrix and distorted-wave calculations.

We present results from an experimental investigation of the indentation of nonspherical pressurized elastic shells with a positive Gauss curvature. A predictive framework is proposed that rationalizes the dependence of the local rigidity of an indented shell on the curvature in the neighborhood of the locus of indentation, the in-out pressure differential, and the material properties. In our a...

We present a review of some of the recent developments in the study of the W 3 string. One of the interesting features of the theory is that the physical spectrum includes states with non-standard ghost structure, such as excitations of the ghost fields, both for discrete-momentum and continuous-momentum states.

This study aimed to determine the optimal ratio of natural calcium powders (oyster shell and egg shell calcium) as synthetic phosphate replacers in pork products. Ground pork samples were subjected to six treatments, as follows: control (-) (no phosphate added), control (+) (0.3% phosphate blend added), treatment 1 (0.5% oyster shell calcium powder added), treatment 2 (0.3% oyster shell calcium...