Dominance hierarchies are ubiquitous in social species that require social cognition to maintain. Status may be established initially through physical conflict but is maintained by social signals between individuals that depend critically on the relative social status of those interacting. How do individuals collect information they need to modulate their behavior? Using a particularly suitable...

Primates are increasingly being tested individually in purpose-built research centers within zoos. The voluntary nature of research testing indicates that participation is enriching for the primate subjects, but previous studies have generally focused only on stress-related behavior, indicating that the research does not have a negative effect. Few data are available on the effects that individ...

Day centers provide opportunities for older people to achieve active and healthy aging. Staff play a significant role in day centers, although evidence is lacking concerning their role. To explore the experiences of staff promoting aging at social interviews with 12 working were carried out. The findings present two categories: actions conditions affecting activities centers. may an important p...

This study considers social network interactions as a potential source of support for individuals living with HIV/AIDS in Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 224 people with HIV/AIDS who refer to behavioral counseling centers. Participants were randomly selected among all people with HIV/AIDS from these centers. Relatives were more reported as sources of support than nonrelatives....

Social workers are susceptible to mental health problems that could lead to develop burnout symptoms and traumatic stress. This study examined the prevalence of secondary traumatic stress and burnout and its relationship to the job satisfaction in 180 social workers who work in schools, hospitals, welfare centers, and NGOs, in Abu Dhabi (39%) and Alain(61%) cities, (mean age=36.4). The percenta...