The change in the magnetic energy stored in the Earth’s magnetotail as a function of the solar wind IMF conditions are investigated using an empirical magnetic field model. The results are used to calculate the two normal modes contained in the low-dimensional global model called WINDMI for the solar wind driven magnetosphere–ionosphere system. The coupling of the magnetosphere–ionosphere (MI) ...

Solar photovoltaic systems largely integrated within the distribution grid are operated ‘behind-the-meter’ and power generation cannot be directly monitored by most utilities. The increasing penetration of behind-the-meter solar can deter efficient network market operations due to variability uncertainty in net load, which is exacerbated limited visibility difficulty analyzing hosting capacity....

The upper atmosphere is a strongly driven system in which the global state is rapidly altered by the solar drivers. Oneof themaindrivers of theupper atmosphere is the solar irradiance in the extremeultraviolet andx-raybands.The solar irradiance in these bands is proxied by ground-basedmeasurements ofF10.7, which is the solar irradiance at the wavelength of 10.7 cm. The problem of estimating F10...

In previous studies we developed a general compartmental methodology for modeling animal behavior and applied the methodology to marine birds and mammals. In this study we used the methodology to construct a system of two differential equations to model the dynamics of territory attendance and preening in a gull colony on Protection Island, Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington. We found that colo...

This paper considers selection of the suitable simulation model for solar panels [1]. Two models for silicon polycrystalline photovoltaic solar cells [2], [3] were analysed. The selection is made by comparing the Power vs. Voltage and Current vs. Voltage curves obtained from the simulation to those obtained experimentally. The goal is to identify if a simulation model gives correct information ...

Visible-light driven CO2 reduction is considered to be a sustainable energy source. However, earth-abundant molecular catalysts with high efficiency and robustness towards solar-driven CO2 reduction are limited. Herein, we report a cobalt complex supported by a tetradentate tripodal ligand, which demonstrates catalytic solar-driven CO2 reduction with TON(CO) > 900 over 70 h in the presence of a...

2 the output of " utility scale " DERs (> one megawatt). In addition, existing industry standards define advanced functions for DER only at the individual device level, and lack the more aggregated, feeder-level representations that are needed for enterprise integration. This white paper describes ongoing research at the Electric Power Research Institute that is exploring Various ways in which ...