Normalizing latent-variable models in empirical work has sometimes more influence on statistical inference than commonly appreciated. In this paper, I show how relating non-identification to an invariance property of the likelihood function under certain groups of parameter transformations helps understanding the influence of normalization on inference and can guide the choice of identifying re...

Ahsrrucr -Based on a roundoff-noise analysis, a general synthesis procedure is developed which leads to an optimal local state-space 2-D digital-filter realization that minimizes the output-noise power due to roundoff subject to a scaling condition on the state variables. The outputnoise power and the signal scaling condition are closely related to two positive-definite matrices W and K. These ...

The trend towards multi-core computing has made concurrent software an important target of computer-aided verification. Unfortunately, Model Checkers for such software suffer tremendously from combinatorial state space explosion. We show how to apply counter abstraction to real-world concurrent programs to factor out redundancy due to thread replication. The traditional global state representat...

Verification of closed timed models by explicit state-space exploration methods is an alternative to the wide-spread symbolic techniques based on difference bound matrices (DBMs). A few experiments found in the literature confirm that for the reachability analysis of timed automata explicit techniques can compete with DBM-based algorithms, at least for situations where the constants used in the...

1 Miary złożoności gier Louis Victor Allis w [2] zaproponował i, posługując się przykładami wielu gier, pokazał zasadność następujących miar oceny trudności znalezienia rozwiązania dwuosobowych gier z doskonałą informacją, o sumie stałej: • Złożoność przestrzeni stanów (ang. state-space/search-space complexity) jest to liczba legalnych, różnych pozycji osiągalnych z pozycji początkowej. • Złożo...

Structured approaches based on Kronecker operators for the description and solution of the infinitesimal generator of a continuous-time Markov chains are receiving increasing interest. However, their main advantage, a substantial reduction in the memory requirements during the numerical solution, comes at a price. Methods based on the “potential state space” allocate a probability vector that m...

Response of a transversely isotropic 3-D half-space subjected to a surface time-harmonic excitation is presented in analytical form. The derivation of the fundamental solutions expressed in terms of displacements is based on the prefect series of displacement potential functions that have been obtained in the companion paper by the authors. First the governing equations are uncoupled in the cyl...

from the very beginning, the political fiqh could not play an efficient role in the social arena. but, now the question is whether the political fiqh can satisfy all the individual, social, spiritual, political, economical, judiciary, and international needs of the time. some have considered most affairs and issues related to the state as reasonable, and as a result, not related to fiqh and inf...

The common wisdom that goal orderings can be used to improve planning performance is nearly as old as planning itself. During the last decades of research several approaches emerged that computed goal orderings for diierent planning paradigms, mostly in the area of state-space planning. For partial-order, plan-space planners goal orderings have not been investigated in much detail. Mechanisms d...