Motivated by recent antitrust cases in markets with zero-pricing, we develop a leverage theory of tying two-sided markets. In the presence nonnegative price constraint, Chicago school critique tie-ins fails to hold. independent products case, provides mechanism circumvent constraint tied market without inviting aggressive responses rival firm. complementary “price squeeze” cannot be used extrac...

Abstract Aim To design a surgical skills course underpinned by Bloom’s & Kolb’s learning theory for junior doctors in the NHS. develop an affordable acquisition of necessary confidence among doctors. Method RCSEd CPD approved 1-Day Surgical Skills Course with fees £95 was designed based on and attended 12 foundation-level (>60% IMGs). The contents were Knot Tying, Suturing Technique,...

AbstractIndonesian Competition Commission (KPPU) conducted an initiative case research to the alleged tying-in Rapid Test services agreement in several hospitals. In research, all hospitals that offer are objects of research. KPPU conducts market structure analysis, compliance with elements Article 15 paragraph (2) Law No. 5 1999 on Prohibition Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Competition, con...

Modeling pronunciation variation is key for recognizing conversational speech. Previous efforts on pronunciation modeling by modifying dictionaries only yielded marginal improvement. Due to complex interaction between dictionaries and acoustic models, we believe a pronunciation modeling scheme is plausible only when closely coupled with the underlying acoustic model. This paper explores the use...