In a recent study in the journal Cell, Tervo et al. (2014) show that animals can implement stochastic choice policies in environments unfavorable to predictive strategies. The shift toward stochastic behavior was driven by noradrenergic signaling in the anterior cingulate cortex.

Bitcoin ([3]) is the world’s first decentralized digital currency, allowing the easy storage and transfer of cryptographic tokens. It uses a peer-to-peer network to carry information, hashing as a synchronization signal to prevent double-spending, and a powerful scripting system to determine ownership of the tokens. There is a growing technology and business infrastructure supporting it. By the...

From 1st January 2002 we have the unique possibility to follow the spread of national euro coins over the different European countries. We model and analyse this movement and estimate the time it will take before on average half the coins in our wallet will be foreign.

BACKGROUND Rabies is a preventable zoonosis with the highest case fatality of any disease in the world. In the developing world, it is transmitted mainly by dog bites. In parts of southern Nigeria, dog meat is a delicacy. OBJECTIVE To highlight trade in stray dogs as a major risk factor for rabies in animals and humans in south-south Nigeria. METHOD Patients admitted into the University of ...

The disturbing effect of the stray magnetic fields of Fe-based amorphous ribbons on the giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) sensor has been investigated systematically in this paper. Two simple methods were used for examining the disturbing effect of the stray magnetic fields of ribbons on the GMI sensor. In order to study the influence of the stray magnetic fields on the GMI effect, the square-shaped...

Many of the standard notions of security we have examined quarter with respect to two-party communication may fail to capture notions of security in unusual settings. One such setting, not unrealistic in multi-party protocols, is the setting in which a receiver receives n individual messages from n distinct senders, all of which are encrypted and committed to their values. At some point, the re...

F orward light scatter measurement provides information about optical imperfections as the cause of glare disability. Glare disability refers to a reduction in visual performance caused by a glare source, resulting in retinal contrast loss secondary to intraocular stray light. Lens extraction reverses the strong age increase in stray light, which is considered an independent source of symptoms....