Understanding niche evolution, dynamics, and the response of species to climate change requires knowledge of the determinants of the environmental niche and species range limits. Mean values of climatic variables are often used in such analyses. In contrast, the increasing frequency of climate extremes suggests the importance of understanding their additional influence on range limits. Here, we...

abstract climate variability empowers critical consequences on sustainability of soil and water resources. in this paper the trend of annual and seasonal time scale of temperature (minimum, maximum, average), relative humidity (minimum, maximum, average), precipitation, wind speed, extreme events, cloudiness, reference evapotranspiration employing mann-kendall and least square errors were studi...

Predicting the variation of biodiversity across the surface of the Earth is a fundamental issue in ecology, and in this article we focus on one of the most widely studied spatial biodiversity patterns: the species-area relationship (SAR). The SAR is a central tool in conservation, being used to predict species loss following global climate change, and is striking in its universality throughout ...

If habitat destruction or overexploitation of populations is severe, species loss can occur directly and abruptly. Yet the final descent to extinction is often driven by synergistic processes (amplifying feedbacks) that can be disconnected from the original cause of decline. We review recent observational, experimental and meta-analytic work which together show that owing to interacting and sel...

a Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal b Departamento de Matemática e Aplicações, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal c ATP-Group, CMAF, Instituto para a Investigação Interdisciplinar, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal d INESC-ID and Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Taguspark, 2744-016 Porto Salvo, Portugal e Centro de ...