Climate has always been changing during the lifetime of the earth, and has appeared in the form of the ice age, hurricanes, severe and sudden temperature changes, precipitation and other climatic elements, and has dramatically influenced the environment, and in some cases has caused severe changes and even destructions. Some of the most important aspects of climate changes can be found in preci...

Pakistan is at 28th amongst the countries that are going to be hurt badly by climate change. It falls in ten major wheat-producing countries of the world in terms of area, production and yield per hectare. Global warming, as a result of climate change, may negatively affect morphological characters of wheat. The present study was undertaken in district Layyah to find out the impact of climate c...

DNA extracted from the kidneys of rodents captured in different urban areas of Palermo, Italy, had been analysed for the presence of pathogenic L. interrogans sensu latu DNA. PCR analysis had shown that in rodents captured close to green areas and small river up to 40 % animals give positive PCR results. Not many cases of human leptospirosis are reported in Sicilian island in which hot season i...

I investigate the potential for sudden climate change during the current century. This investigation takes into account evidence from the Earth's history, from climate models and our understanding of the physical processes governing climate shifts. Sudden alterations to climate forcing seem to be improbable, with sudden changes instead most likely to arise from climate feedbacks. Based on proje...

because of low spatial resolution and simplifications in meteorological processes in global circulation models, they cannot sufficiently simulate the weather, comparing to the regional models; then, spatial and temporal downscaling of the gcm outputs are needed for decreasing errors of the global circulation models. there are two methods of downscaling: statistical and dynamic. weather generato...

The impacts of climate change on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are leading to discussions regarding decision-making about the potential need to migrate. Despite the situation being well-documented, with many SIDS aiming to raise the topic to prominence and to take action for themselves, limited support and interest has been forthcoming from external sources. This paper presents, analyze...

abstarct development of greenhouse gases in future periods not only causes change in average amounts of climate variables but also makes variables of this variability affected. then for sure concerning alternations followed with climate variables’ fluctuations and its average amounts in effecting on runoff would make more reliable results. in this inquiry initially fluctuations and average amou...

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