Background: Solving the problem of food and nutrition security requires the integration of various sectors of the society. Determining the role of each sector in promoting people’s health has presented intersectoral collaboration and transformed the theory of social health determinant approach into action. In this study, with a new approach, and in regards, the national organizations resp...

today, the real problem in iran is a supply and demand problem in all aspects of the economy. from skilled and semi- skilled manapower (ssm) perspective, supply and demand are repidly changing but in opposite directions (ellig, 1990). on the demand side, the emphasis is on a skilled and semi- skilled workforce, but on the supply side, entrylevel workers are high school graduates who are functio...

This paper presents a new and useful methodology for simultaneous allocation of sectionalizer switches and distributed energy resources (DERs) considering both reliability and supply security aspects. The proposed algorithm defines the proper locations of sectionalizer switching devices in radial distribution networks considering the effect of DER units in the presented cost function and other ...

This paper addresses the problems of power supply reliability in a market environment. The specific features of economic interrelations between the power supply organization and consumers in terms of reliability assurance are examined and the principles of providing power supply reliability are formulated. The economic mechanisms of coordinating the interests of power supply organization and co...

Achieving global food security is one of the major challenges of the coming decades. In order to tackle future food security challenges we must understand the past. This study presents a historical analysis of global food availability, one of the key elements of food security. By calculating national level dietary energy supply and production for nine time steps during 1965-2005 we classify cou...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: N74 Q43 Q43 O13 P28 Keywords: Power outage Value of supply security Empirical analysis End-user survey This paper presents a model for assessing economic losses caused by electricity cuts as well as Willingness-to-Pay to avoid these power outages as an approximation to the value of supply security. The economic effects for simulated power cuts from 1 to...

This survey presents crisp and fuzzy models developed for the Supply Chain (SC). To this end, fuzzy concepts are first briefly reviewed. Then the structure of a supply chain system is explained. Recent challenges and ideas on these systems are also surveyed. Then, with reference to different aspects of an SC system, we classify the recent fuzzy models developed for different SC systems and comp...