In a follow up study of 11 patients with mixed connective tissue disease the levels of antibodies to nuclear ribonucleoprotein (nRNP) as measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were related to clinical activity of disease. To assess the relation between anti-nRNP levels and disease activity the levels of total immunoglobulin G, IgM rheumatoid factor (IgM RF), and antibodies to ...

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by an impairment of specific antibody production and a decrease in all or selected Ig isotypes. Abnormalities at the level of the B cells, T cells, and antigen-presenting cells have been described. In the present study, we have focused our attention on T-cell activation in CVID. T cells from 15 of 24 patients failed to respond to recall a...

Maternal or neonatal tetanus causes deaths primarily in Asia and Africa and is usually the result of poor hygiene during delivery. In 2011, three neonatal tetanus cases were investigated in Papua New Guinea, and all three cases were delivered at home by untrained assistants. The babies were normal at birth but subsequently developed spasms. A neonatal tetanus case must be viewed as a sentinel e...

OBJECTIVE To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of general practitioners regarding tetanus immunization in adults. SETTING The study was conducted in District Central, Karachi. STUDY DESIGN This was a Knowledge, Attitude and practices (KAP) survey. METHODS From a list of 1050 general practitioners (GPs), 100 were selected through simple random sampling and interviewed through a ...

Human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) was administered to 14 patients with refractory aplastic anemia (AA). The effect of rhGM-CSF therapy on the lymphocyte phenotype; on the proliferative responses to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin, Candida albicans, and tetanus toxoid antigens; and on the natural killer (NK) activity of the circulating lymphocytes was s...

Introduction: Neonatal tetanus is a highly fatal disease that can be prevented by immunization and improvement in obstetric practices. The aim of the present study was to assess the characteristics of cases of neonatal tetanus in two large tertiary hospitals (Ghaem and Imam Reza hospitals) of Mashhad -North East of Iran between 1984- 2001. Methods: all cases whose epidemiological and clinical c...

Supernates of tetanus toxoid (TT) antigen-stimulated human T cells were studied for the presence of an antigen-specific T-cell helper factor (ASF). Supernates were circulated over an immunosorbent column consisting of insolubilized TT antigen. The material which bound to the column was eluted with 3 M NaCNS and was shown to contain a factor which in the presence of TT-induced specific IgG anti-...

Imunisasi Tetanus Toxoid (TT) merupakan program pemerintah untuk menurunkan angka penyakit tetanus. Khususnya calon pengantin (Catin) wanita agar terhindar dari kemungkinan terkena tetanus yang menyerang ibu dan bayi akibat persalinan dengan alat tidak steril. Strategi pelaksanaan imunisasi TT salah satu upaya Safe motherhood. Isu ini masih ditemukan pada bagian sosial Sustainable Development (...

Recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB) which is produced by Bacillus brevis carrying pNU212-CTB acts as a mucosal adjuvant capable of enhancing host immune responses specific to unrelated, mucosally co-administered vaccine antigens. When mice were administered intranasally with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) combination vaccine consisting of diphtheria toxoid (DTd), tetanus toxoid (TTd)...