introduction one of the most vulnerable water resources against contamination is ground water table. these resources are exposed to contamination in various forms. identifying and controlling contamination in these resources are more difficult and costly than surface waters. also because of the persistence of contamination in these resources, the best way to prevent their contamination is to id...

Aims and Objectives: English allows inanimate objects to be sentence subjects (e.g., “The knife cut the bread”) but Korean Japanese restrict of causal sentences on basis animacy. In previous work, we found that speakers relaxed their native grammatical animacy constraint when immersed in knives acceptable Korean). We suggested this L2 influence occurred because does not map cleanly onto semanti...

As human beings we are vulnerable. Simply by virtue of our being alive, we are exposed to all sorts of threats and adverse influences, and each day we run the risk of getting seriously injured or ill, if not worse. Critical care practices such as the Emergency Department (ED), the operating room (OR) and the Intensive Care Units (ICU) are places where this vulnerability is revealed most vividly...

Urban planning rules and considering land use regarding faults can change the consequences of natural hazard such as earthquake. Vulnerability risk is increasing in Region 1 because of existence of the north fault, steep slopes and continuous construction of high-rise buildings. It is clear that Region 1’s Master Plan shouldn’t be prepared without considering natural hazard such as ...

Abstract The financial well-being of the charity sector has important social implications. Numerous studies have analysed whether concentration income in a few sources increases vulnerability. However, systematically considered type (grants, donation, fund-raising activities) affects survival prospects charity. We extend literature by (a) explicitly modelling composition income, (b) allowing fo...

Xylem within trees varies in its hydraulic efficiency and safety. Trees at the alpine timberline were expected to exhibit a hydraulic architecture protecting the leader shoot from winter embolism. Hydraulic and related anatomical parameters were compared as well as seasonal courses of winter embolism in leader shoots and twigs of Norway spruce trees growing at 2000 m. Leader shoots had a 1.4-fo...

The harvest of animals by humans may constitute one of the strongest evolutionary forces affecting wild populations. Vulnerability to harvest varies among individuals within species according to behavioural phenotypes, but we lack fundamental information regarding the physiological mechanisms underlying harvest-induced selection. It is unknown, for example, what physiological traits make some i...