The paper contributes to the literature investigating students’ spatial mobility. By focusing on German higher education students with a novel dataset providing data from 1999 2015, we evaluate impact of change one-tiered two-tiered study structure bachelor and master degrees (Bologna reform) their inter-regional mobility its underlying drivers. Our analysis confirms system slightly alter stude...

Background This study reports stakeholders’ ratings, and perceived gaps in World Health Organization’s (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) Article 8 implementation in Thailand viewed against WHO’s Guidelines for Article 8 and to inform action in preparing the 2017 Tobacco Product Control Act.   Methods Stakeholder ratings of Guideline provisions of Article 8 on a three-tiered s...

Abstract Albeit its importance, a large number of port authorities do not provide continuous or publicly available air emissions inventories (EIs) and thereby obscure the contribution ports. This is caused by, e.g., economic effort generated by obtaining data. Therefore, performance abatement measures monitored projected, which specifically disadvantageous concerning top contributors such as co...

Consider a multi-tiered supply chain network which contains manufacturers, distributors and consumers. A manufacturer located at the top tier of this supply chain is supposed to be concerned with the production of products and shipments to the distributors for profit maximization. In turn, a distributor located in the middle tier of the supply chain is faced with handling and managing the produ...