This study examines the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in the Iranian economy. To that end, a wavelet transformation technique is used, which allows us to combine the time domain and frequency domain characteristics of two time series together. Using this approach and data for the period 1991:2 – 2017:1, this study tries to overcome the shortcomings of  standard eco...

Lock and settling times are two parameters which are of high importance in design of DLL-based frequency multipliers. A new architecture for DLL-based frequency multipliers in digital domain is designed in this paper. In the proposed architecture instead of using charge pump, phase frequency detector and loop filter a digital signal processor is used. Gradient algorithm is used in the proposed ...

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is used in order to provide immunity against very hostile multipath channels in many modern communication systems.. The OFDM technique divides the total available frequency bandwidth into several narrow bands. In conventional OFDM, FFT algorithm is used to provide orthogonal subcarriers. Intersymbol interference (ISI) and intercarrier interferen...

In this paper we studied the focusing effect of electromagnetic wave in the two-dimensional graded photonic crystal consisting of Silicon rods in the air background with gradually varying lattice constant. The results showed that graded photonic crystal can focus wide beams on a narrow area at frequencies near the lower edge of the band gap, where equal frequency contours are not concave. For c...