the present article is a comparative research between z?r ceremony in south of iran (hormozgan province) and east africa (sudan). this research has been accomplished, based on the descriptive/exploratory methods, using library techniques and domain studies. people in these regions believe that human illnesses are caused by jins or satanic winds which penetrate in human body causing physical and...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether in addition to repetitiveness, the motor rituals of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) involve reduced functionality due to numerous and measurable acts that are irrelevant and unnecessary for task completion. METHOD Comparing motor rituals of OCD patients with behavior of non-patient control individuals who were instructed to perform the same mot...

I. Introduction Without systems of public, external symbols for recording information, nonliterate communities have to rely on human memory for the retention and transmission of cultural knowledge. Religious expressions either evolved in directions that rendered them memorable or they were-quite literally-forgotten. Most religious systems, including all of the great world religions, emerged amo...

This article is a qualitative review of 32 publications appearing since J. Bossard and E. Boll's (1950) seminal work on family rituals was conducted. Definitions are offered whereby a distinction is made between family routines as observable practices and family rituals as symbolic representations of collective events. The relative occurrence of family routines, as described in the literature, ...

The Daily Ritual was one of a series of cultic rituals performed for the statue of the god by temple priests each day. Performed in the morning after the fi rst light of dawn, it was complemented by similar but more abbreviated rituals in the afternoon and evening. The Egyptians believed that the gods themselves had established the correct form of the rituals, and along with the celebration of ...

the written works of ibn bābawayh (shaykh ṣadūq), head of the traditionists and the distinguished figure of shī‘ī ḥadīth in fourth/tenth century, had amounted to 300 books and treatises. a proficient scholar, he has standards and criteria in the field of ḥadīth in general and in criticizing ḥadīth in particular that incorporate approaches and patterns as a guide map and a role model. in order t...

al-ghallābī is rated as among the shī‘ī authors of the third/eighth century, through whom many historical traditions have been related in shī‘ī and sunnī sources. examining the status of al-ghallābī’s traditions in the two major sects (of shī‘a and sunnī), this writing is intended to find the reason for the permeation of his traditions into the sources belonging to the sunnīs – who are very cau...