Nuclear simple sequence repeats (nSSRs), together with 16 different enzyme loci, were used to analyzegenetic diversity and differentiation among beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) populations along two altitudinalgradients in Hyrcanian forests of Iran. Both enzymes and nSSR analyses revealed a high level ofgenetic diversity in natural populations of F. orientalis. The genetic div...

Bat populations are declining due to habitat loss and the spread of deadly fungal pathogen, white-nose syndrome. Increased studies bat their diversity necessary ensure survival. activity levels understudied in Northern Panhandle West Virginia. For our study, sixteen sites were selected (four each county: Ohio, Brooke, Hancock Marshall). Using mobile ultrasonic detectors, calls detected from dif...

Knowledge on the spatial and temporal distribution of snow depth is one of the key parameter in the assessment of avalanche hazards, for snow drift and avalanche modelling and model verification. Reliable measurements of snow depth distribution are of interest for practitioners as well as for scientists. Most of the conventional methods like snow pits, probing or profiling deliver point informa...

We consider whether Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries are mainly poor because they are governed worse than other countries, as suggested by recent studies on the supremacy of institutions. Our empirical results show that the supremacy of institutions does not hold. SSA countries appear to face specific development problems in addition to weak institutions. Given their geographic and economic ...

Distance sampling is extensively used for estimating animal density or abundance. Conventional methods assume that location of line or point transects is random with respect to the animal population, yet transects are often placed along linear features such as roads, rivers or shorelines that do not randomly sample the study region, resulting in biased estimates of abundance. If it is possible ...

Marine bird at-sea distributions are surveyed using two standardized population surveying techniques: line transects and strip transects (Buckland et al. 1993). Line transects use the perpendicular distances to individual sightings to model a detection function, which quantifies the probability of observing an object given its distance from the trackline. This approach allows for speciesspecifi...