The entire world has started to vaccinate their respective countries' citizens get rid of COVID-19 from country. Likewise other countries, Pakistan also the vaccination process for its and unlike rest world, there have been different types vaccines in with manufacturers immunity booster levels. Through statistical analysis this research paper, we tried understand diverse level Karachi an unders...

unlike other studies in which the autours have focused on testing the existence of an environmental kuznets curve, in this study, causality relationship between the energy consumption (oil equivalent), carbon emissions, gross domestic production, total labor force and fixed capital formation is investigated during 1960 to 2007 in iran. following an examination of stationary tests for all the va...

Scarlet fever notifications surged across the United Kingdom in spring 2014. Molecular epidemiologic investigation of Streptococcus pyogenes infections in North-West London highlighted increased emm4 and emm3 infections coincident with the upsurge. Unlike outbreaks in other countries, antimicrobial resistance was uncommon, highlighting an urgent need to better understand the drivers of scarlet ...

Ophthalmia neonatorum remains a significant cause of ocular morbidity, blindness and even death in underdeveloped countries. The organisms causing ophthalmia neonatorum are acquired mainly from the mother's birth canal during delivery and a small percentage of cases are acquired by other ways. Chlamydia and Neisseria are the most common pathogens responsible for the perinatal infection. Fortuna...

The recent issue of Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology made an important and interesting theme “What is the Best Research for Low Income Countries?” (1). We enjoyed reading the paper; nevertheless we hope to find a chance to share our idea. It was mentioned that some, for sure not all, researchers from the developed countries might not have enough motivation to contribute to the scient...

Covid-19 was detected in Iran since February 2020, and until September 2020, all the provinces of the country were affected by this disease (1). During the Covid-19 pandemic, many older adults received a lot of stress and anxiety from the media and society, which caused them to become socially isolated and depressed. On the other hand, creating quarantine and social distancing as a policy adopt...

objective: malaria is an infectious disease commonplace in tropical countries. for many years, major antimalarial drugs consisted of natural products, but since 1930s these drugs have been largely replaced with a series of synthetic drugs. this article tries to briefly indicate that some plants which previously were used to treat malaria, as a result of deficiencies of synthetic drugs, have rev...

 Background: Recto-vaginal colonization of Group B streptococcus (GBS) has been known as an important issue in mother and newborn’s health, which is getting frequent in developing countries. Screening test have been introduced and utilized in many countries and is recommended by many researchers. However, due to lack of information in prevalence of GBS, especially in Iran, there are doubts and ...