Remotely sensed vegetation indices correspond to canopy vigor and cover and have been successfully used to estimate groundwater evapotranspiration (ETg) over large spatial and temporal scales. However, these data do not provide information on depth to groundwater (dtgw) necessary for groundwater models (GWM) to calculate ETg. An iterative approach is provided that calibrates GWM to ETg derived ...

In highly seasonal tropical environments, temporal changes in habitat and resources are a significant determinant of the spatial distribution of species. This study disentangles the effects of spatial and mid to long-term temporal heterogeneity in habitat on the diversity and abundance of savanna birds by testing four competing conceptual models of varying complexity. Focussing on sites in nort...

Although numerous small-scale laboratory, mesocosm, and field experiments have demonstrated that abundance, survival, and growth of juvenile fish and invertebrates are higher in vegetated than in unvegetated habitats, the effect of habitat quality (i.e. habitat complexity) within vegetated habitats has not been documented at a broad spatial scale. We examined the relationship between percent co...

In many desert ecosystems, vegetation is both patchy and dynamic: vegetated areas are interspersed with patches of bare ground, and both the positioning and the species composition of the vegetated areas exhibit change through time. These characteristics lead to the emergence of multi-scale patterns in vegetation that arise from complex relationships between plants, soils, and transport process...

Carlson, T.N., Perry, E.M. and Schmugge, T.J., ! 990. Remote estimation of soil moisture availability and fractional vegetation cover for agricultural fields. Agric. For. Meteorol., 52: 45-69. The purpose of this paper is to present a method for using remote measurements to estimate vegetation fraction, surface energy fluxes and the root zone and soil surface water contents for partial vegetati...

This paper gives an overview of computer graphics representations of trees commonly used for the rendering of complex scene of vegetation. Looking for the right compromise between realism and efficiency has lead researchers to consider various types of geometrical plant models with different types of complexity. To achieve realist plant model, a complex structure of plant with full details is g...

This paper gives an overview of computer graphics representations of trees commonly used for the rendering of complex scene of vegetation. Looking for the right compromise between realism and efficiency has lead researchers to consider various types of geometrical plant models with different types of complexity. To achieve realist plant model, a complex structure of plant with full details is g...

A comprehensive experimental plan has been designed to further investigate the potential and the limitations associated with the use of a large aperture scintillometer (LAS) to infer path average sensible and momentum fluxes over complex surfaces as part of the Semi-Arid Land–Surface–Atmosphere (SALSA) Program. The complexity of the terrain is associated with the type and the cover of the veget...