abstract urban parks are important public multifunctional space used for a wide range of activities. the usage levels of parks depend on the spatial characteristics of the spaces, where its forms and occupancies are referred as the usage-spatial relationship. natural elements spatial complexity and park usability is of interest in this study. a photo - questionnaire was conducted among 296 of p...

Information on the structural complexity of forest stands is required to inform conservation priorities that guide the sustainable management of private native vegetation for multiple objectives of landowners. Whilst research into methods for the operational mapping of vegetation structure is expanding, the research is largely exploratory, and no methods have yet seen widespread acceptance. Thi...

In most habitats, vegetation provides the main structure of the environment. This complexity can facilitate biodiversity and ecosystem services. Therefore, measures of vegetation structure can serve as indicators in ecosystem management. However, many structural measures are laborious and require expert knowledge. Here, we used consistent and convenient measures to assess vegetation structure o...

Agricultural systems are increasingly vulnerable to the effects of extreme climate events. Yet strategies to reduce risk and vulnerability have not been greatly explored. Here, we examine the vulnerability of coffee agroforestry systems varying in management intensity (e.g. land use) and topographic features to disturbance related to Hurricane Stan in Chiapas, Mexico—a hurricane categorized by ...

The presence and continued existence of tidal morphologies, and in particular of salt marshes, is intimately connected with biological activity, especially with the presence of halophytic vegetation. Here, we review recent contributions to tidal biogeomorphology and identify the presence of multiple competing stable states arising from a two-way feedback between biomass productivity and topogra...

We continue investigation of the effect of position in announcements of newly received articles, a single day artifact, with citations received over the course of ensuing years. Earlier work [1, 2] focused on the " visibility " effect for positions near the beginnings of announcements, and on the " self-promotion " effect associated to authors intentionally aiming for these positions, with both...

Expansion of oil palm agriculture is currently one of the main drivers of habitat modification in Southeast Asia. Habitat modification can have significant effects on biodiversity, ecosystem function, and interactions between species by altering species abundances or the available resources in an ecosystem. Increasing complexity within modified habitats has the potential to maintain biodiversit...