Microscopic oil displacement of water flooding and sweep efficiency of continuous gas injection could be improved by water alternating gas (WAG) injection. The WAG injection process aims to squeeze more oil out of the reservoirs; in this method, water and gas are alternatively injected into the reservoir. Also, availability of hydrocarbon or CO2 gases in the field makes it attractive for gas-ba...

Atmospheric reactions and slow geological processes controlled Earth's earliest nitrogen cycle, and by ~2.7 billion years ago, a linked suite of microbial processes evolved to form the modern nitrogen cycle with robust natural feedbacks and controls. Over the past century, however, the development of new agricultural practices to satisfy a growing global demand for food has drastically disrupte...

the importance of environmental protection in modern communities is vital, the action and implementation of any program requires the sufficient knowledge and understanding of environment. one of the methods to preserve natural resources and achieving sustainable development, especially sustainable agriculture, is the environmentally evaluation of agriculture production processes. life cycle ass...

for any agency dealing with the design of the water distribution network, an economic design will be an objective. in this research, central force optimization (cfo) and differential evolution (de) algorithm were used to optimize ismail abad water distribution network. optimization of the network has been evaluated by developing an optimization model based on cfo and de algorithm in matlab and ...

this study is focused on developing an integrated optimization-simulation based genetic algorithm model (iosga) to develop the operational policies for a multi-purpose reservoir system. the objective function of the optimization model is considered to be a linear function of reliability (rel), resiliency (res), and vulnerability (vul) of the river-reservoir system. genetic algorithm (ga) is emp...

There are many benefits for coordination of multiple suppliers when single supplier cannot satisfy buyer demands.  In addition, buyer needs to purchase multiple items in a real supply chain. So, a model that satisfies these requests has many advantages. We extend the existing approaches in the literature that assume all suppliers need to be put on a common replenishment cycle and each supplier ...

in this study a machine learning algorithm was applied in order to develop a predictive model for the changes in phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) in the lower nakdong river, south korea. we used a “hybrid evolutionary algorithm (hea)” which generated model consists of three functions ‘if-thenelse’ on the basis of a 15-year, weekly monitored ecological database. we used the average ...

farinograph is the most frequently used equipment for empirical rheological measurements of dough. it’suseful to illustrate quality of flour, behavior of dough during mechanical handling and texturalcharacteristics of finished products. the percentage of water absorption and the development time of doughare the most important parameters of farinography for bakery industries during production. h...