This paper presents a new method to accurately characterize and predict the annual variation of wind conditions. Estimation of the distribution of wind conditions is necessary (i) to quantify the available energy (power density) at a site, and (ii) to design optimal wind farm configurations. We develop a smooth multivariate wind distribution model that captures the coupled variation of wind spe...

nowadays the position of the renewable energy is so important because of the environment pollution and the limitation of fossil fuels in the world. energy can be generated more and more by the renewable sources, but the fossil fuels are non-renewable. one of the most important renewable sources is the wind energy. the wind energy is an appropriate alternative source of fossil fuel. the replacem...

We have conducted a detailed analysis of costs associated with today’s technology for CO2 separation and capture at three types of power plants: integrated coal gasification combined cycles (IGCC), pulverized coal-fired simple cycles (PC), and natural gas-fired combined cycles (NGCC). The analysis was based on studies from the literature that analyzed the economics of capturing CO2 emitted at p...

The treatment of 1,4-dioxane solution by electrochemical oxidation on boron-doped diamond was studied using a central composite design and the response surface methodology to investigate the use of SO4 (2-) and HCO3 (-) as supporting electrolytes considering the applied electric current, initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) value, and treatment time. Two industrial effluents containing bicarbon...

In this paper, a new method to review the role of wind units as an energy-producer in the scheduling problem of unit commitment is presented. Today, renewable energy sources due to lack of environmental pollution, absence of dependence on fossil fuels, and consequently a very low marginal cost, have been receiving considerable attention in power system. But these sources are associated with unc...

This study describes the application of an empirical method to estimate the energy consumption in laboratory of the primary grinding of nickel ore with a specific mineralogical texture. This method developed by Donda was previously used in iron ore from the Iron Quadrangle (Minas Gerais, Brasil) with the same purpose. Through the grinding test, performed under standard conditions and based on t...

In this research, the efficiency of the comminution circuit as well as the efficiency of size classification equipment of the concentrator plant 2 of Sarcheshmeh copper complex was studied. The comminution circuit of this plant includes one SAG mill in a closed circuit with a vibrating screen and one ball mill with a size classification system of hydrocyclone. The goal of this work was to calcu...

Nearly all energy conversion systems, and especially electricity generation plants do not operate at nominal conditions throughout their useful life: periodic or semi-periodic changes in the availability of the resource affect solar (thermal and PV), wind, hydraulic and geothermal plants, which in reality operate at off-design conditions for most of their life. To a smaller scale, fossil-fuelle...

Galactic feedback strongly affects the way galactic environments are enriched. We examine this connection by performing a suite of cosmological hydrodynamic simulations, exploring a range of parameters based on the galaxy formation model developed in Vogelsberger et al. (2013) (henceforth V13). We examine the effects of AGN feedback, wind mass loading, wind specific energy, and wind metal-loadi...