Mars has surely been scrutinised since the dawn of humankind. Its appearance every couple of years like a drop of blood in the sky led to warlike attributes in the ancient world. In the 16th century Tycho Brahe made accurate observations of the position of Mars that enabled Johannes Kepler to obtain his first two laws of planetary motion. These in turn were explained by Newton’s laws of motion ...

This paper discusses an approach of QoS service differentiation in mobile ad hoc networks. We aim to investigate the performances of the proposed semi-stateless approach, named “MARS”, over the existing stateless approaches. Mars supports both real-time UDP traffic, and best-effort UDP and TCP traffic. The main objective of MARS is to minimize the end-to-end delay of traffic. The proposed model...

Introduction: Extensional fault scarps on Mars bear a striking resemblance to fault scarps on Earth, including geometric features such as horsts, grabens, relay ramps and breached relay ramps, en echelon arrangement of faults and grabens, and scaling characteristics [1], [2], [3]. Other surface features associated with extensional faulting on Mars are lines (" chains ") of circular topo-graphic...

A new approach for the robotic exploration of Mars is detailed in this paper: the use of small, ultralightweight, autonomous rotary-wing aerial platforms. Missions based on robotic rotorcraft could make excellent candidates for NASA Mars Scout program. The paper details the work to date and future planning required for the development of such ‘Mars rotorcraft.’

Introduction: Astrobiological interest in Mars is highlighted by evidence that Mars was once warm enough to have liquid water present on its surface long enough to create geologic formations that could only exist in the presense of extended fluvial periods. These periods existed at the same time life on Earth arose. If life began on Mars as well during this period, it is reasonable to assume it...

The OMEGA/Mars Express hyperspectral imager identified hydrated sulfates on light-toned layered terrains on Mars. Outcrops in Valles Marineris, Margaritifer Sinus, and Terra Meridiani show evidence for kieserite, gypsum, and polyhydrated sulfates. This identification has its basis in vibrational absorptions between 1.3 and 2.5 micrometers. These minerals constitute direct records of the past aq...

Assimilation of TES data from the Mars Global Surveyor scientifc mapping phase Conference Item How to cite: Montabone, L.; Lewis, Stephen R.; Read, Peter L.; Conrath, Barney J.; Pearl, John C. and Smith, Michael D. (2003). Assimilation of TES data from the Mars Global Surveyor scientifc mapping phase. In: First International Workshop on Mars atmosphere modelling and observations, 13-15 Jan 2003...

Recent spacecraft and lander missions to Mars have reinforced previous interpretations that Mars was a wet and warm planet in the geological past. The role of liquid water in shaping many of the surface features on Mars has long been recognized. Since the presence of liquid water is essential for survival of life, conditions on early Mars might have been more favourable for the emergence and ev...