The relatedness among 91 Enterococcus strains representing all validly described species was investigated by comparing a 1,102-bp fragment of atpA, the gene encoding the alpha subunit of ATP synthase. The relationships observed were in agreement with the phylogeny inferred from 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. However, atpA gene sequences were much more discriminatory than 16S rRNA for species ...

Streptococcus canis was isolated from 31 milk samples from 11 cows in a dairy herd (with 49 lactating cows) affected by subclinical mastitis in north Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Thirty-one isolates from the infected udder quarters were further characterized for their phenotypic and molecular properties. Most isolates (83.9%) produced alpha-galactosidase, and all were negative for beta-d-glucuron...

Characterization of 999 Aeromonas strains using a published 16S rDNA RFLP identification method showed that 8.1% of the strains produced unexpected (hereafter called "atypical") restriction patterns, making their identification uncertain. Atypical patterns were due to the presence of nucleotide polymorphisms among the rrn operons of the 16S rRNA gene (so-called microheterogeneities). Double seq...

Mycoplasma sp. (strain F38) is the causative agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, which is a goat disease of great global concern. Strain F38 belongs to the so-called "Mycoplasma mycoides cluster," and the members of this cluster have many biochemical and serological properties in common, which makes it difficult to differentiate between them by conventional methods. Their phylogenetic ...

Bioremediating acid mine drainage requires understanding how microbial communities influence geochemical cycling of iron and sulfur biologically important elements such as carbon nitrogen. Research in this area has provided an abundance 16S rRNA gene amplicon data.

The human oral microbiome is the most studied human microflora, but 53% of the species have not yet been validly named and 35% remain uncultivated. The uncultivated taxa are known primarily from 16S rRNA sequence information. Sequence information tied solely to obscure isolate or clone numbers, and usually lacking accurate phylogenetic placement, is a major impediment to working with human oral...

A pair of new universal 12S mitochondrial rRNA gene primers was designed through multiple alignment analysis of the mitochondrial tRNA(Phe) and the 5' region of 16S mitochondrial rRNA genes of different kinds of fishes. The primers were successfully used to amplify an expected product fragment of about 1.2 kb from various marine fish species, and the amplified DNA fragment was recognized to con...

The agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE), Ehrlichia phagocytophila, and Ehrlichia equi probably comprise variants of a single Ehrlichia species now called the Ehrlichia phagocytophila genogroup. These variants share a unique 153-kDa protein antigen with ankyrin repeat motifs encoded by the epank1 gene. The epank1 gene was investigated as an improved target for PCR diagnosis of HGE com...

In vivo analysis of expression of the chloroplast rDNA cluster during somatic embryogenesis of Daucus carota (D.carota) was performed by Northern-blot analysis with different DNA probes, spanning both the 16S rRNA gene, the 16S-23S rRNA spacer, which contains the two mosaic tRNA genes tRNA(Ile) and tRNA(Ala), and the region upstream of the 16S rRNA gene, where a tRNA(Val) maps. We show that exp...