â â â  as any method of criticisn enjoys a specific discourse and critics follow their specific style of criticism, crystallized in the concepts and, ideas they use or the mastery they show, this study investigates the critical concepts and strategies lå«wä«s 'äªwad uses in his work. we hope that we have been able to describe his characteristic critical style and his multidimensional appro...

Andrew Rowan graduated from Queen’s University Belfast (2004) with a degree in medicinal chemistry. During this time, he has spent two summer placements as a synthetic chemist in the chemical industry at C.S.S. (Chemical Synthesis Services). He is currently studying for his PhD under the supervision of Chris Hamilton at Queen’s University Belfast. His research focuses on the synthesis of cell-p...

Hojviri wrote his book Kashf al-Mahjub under the influence of sectarian and social developments and challenges in society and on the basis of his intellectual and religious backgrounds. Following an epistemological approach this article attempts to discuss his views on monotheism and some related issues, such as divine essence, attributes and vision. Moreover, epistemological analysis of Hojvir...

We find the optimal investment strategy for an individual who seeks to minimize one of four objectives: (1) the probability that his wealth reaches a specified ruin level before death, (2) the probability that his wealth reaches that level at death, (3) the expectation of how low his wealth drops below a specified level before death, and (4) the expectation of how low his wealth drops below a s...

Hugo Chávez dominated the Venezuelan electoral landscape since his first presidential victory in 1998 until his death in 2013. Nobody doubts that he always received considerable voter support in the numerous elections held during his mandate. However, the integrity of the electoral system has come into question since the 2004 Presidential Recall Referendum. From then on, different sectors of so...