The evolution of bridge pier scour is very important for bridge safety warning and assessment. During typhoon seasons in Taiwan, the torrential river flow often causes scour monitoring instruments to fail in their attempt to measure the temporal variations of pier scour depths. To better understand the scouring phenomenon during a large flood event, this study proposes a fast and reliable metho...

the accurate estimation of reaeration rate coefficient, because of its effects on dissolved oxygen in rivers, is one of the most important initial steps of water quality management. the main goal of this paper is to evaluate the effects of reaeration rate coefficient on the river water dissolved oxygen, case study dinachal river, iran. to achieve these aims, water quality samples were collected...

There has been too much of a one-way flow drift down a river of evidence. Researchers from rich countries have produced the primary evidence which they proceed to summarise within reviews. These summaries have directed care worldwide. However, things are changing and the river of evidence can flow in the other direction. The care of women with eclampsia has been changed or refined throughout th...

the environmental and ecological issues in the flow-reduced river reach are very serious and arereceiving increasingly attention. in this study, we investigate the temporal and spatial changes in δ13c and δ15n of periphyton and isotopic relationship between periphyton and the endangered fish (ayu, plecoglossusaltivelis) in a flow-reduced river reach in japan. much of the spatial and temporal va...

In order to determine hydrological behavior and water management of Sepidroud River (North of Iran-Guilan) the present study has focused on stream flow prediction by using artificial neural network. Ten years observed inflow data (2000-2009) of Sepidroud River were selected; then these data have been forecasted by using neural network. Finally, predicted results are compared to the observed dat...

the term hydrological drought is applied to represent low water levels in streams, reservoirs and lakes as well as a low groundwater level. base flow index (bfi) as one of low flow indices gives the ratio of base flow to total flow and investigates basin’s ability to store and release of water in drought periods. the objectives of this study were to determine bfi and to validate this index in d...

This chapter presents a range of key concepts that enable natural rivers to be understood as complex flows of water and sediment that interact and often result in changes to the channel shape. The implications for salmon fisheries and invertebrates are also considered. Rivers are linear features and so it might be supposed that the flow hydraulics would be unidirectional and relatively simple t...

Optic flow can be used by humans to determine their direction of heading as well as controlling steering. Dot-flow displays have been widely used to investigate these abilities but it is unclear whether photorealistic textures would provide better information for controlling high-speed steering. Here, we examine the accuracy of heading judgements from dot-flow displays of different densities an...

Predictions of suspended sediment load for Soolegan River, Iran using selected empirical equ-ations were made based on 355 data sets. Data include flow discharges from 3.11 m3/s to 43.81 m3/s, flow velocities from 0.22 m/s to 1.03 m/s, and flow depths from 0.5 to 1.03 m. Equations of Einstein (1950), Bagnold (1966), Toufalleti (1968), Brooks (1963), Chang-Simons-Richardson(1965),Lane-Kalinske (...