BACKGROUND A 2006 avian influenza (AI) outbreak resulted in mass removal of chickens in Lower Egypt, which decreased the household supply of poultry. Poultry, a key animal-source food, contains nutrients critical for child growth. This paper examines determinants of stunting between 2006 and 2008 in children 6 to 59 months of age within the context of the AI outbreak. METHODS The 2005 and 200...

BACKGROUND Nigeria remains one of only three polio-endemic countries in the world. In 2016, after an absence of 2 years, wild poliovirus serotype 1 was again detected in North-Eastern Nigeria. To better guide programmatic action, we assessed the immunity status of infants and children in Borno and Yobe states, and evaluated the impact of recently introduced inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) ...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to prospectively determine the immunogenicity of nonvalved allograft tissue used to repair congenital heart defects. METHODS AND RESULTS We prospectively analyzed the immune response of 11 children, 1.4 months to 10 years of age, who required nonvalved allografts to alleviate stenosis during repair of congenital heart defects. In 7 patients, pulmonary ...

To define a reference value for serum prealbumin (transthyretin) concentration, we used a rate immunonephelometric microassay to quantify it in 76 healthy children, ranging in age from two to 36 months. Age-specific ranges (+/- 2 SD from the mean) are: 2-5.9 months, 142-330 mg/L; 6-11.9 months, 120-274 mg/L; 12-17.9 months, 115-259 mg/L; 18-23.9 months, 143-243 mg/L; 24-36 months, 108-258 mg/L....

Follicular populations were investigated in female F344/N rats to better understand the aging process of the rat ovary. Ovaries dissected at various ages (spanning 1-36 months old) were submitted for histological examination. The total number of primordial, growing (primary and secondary), tertiary, and atretic follicles as well as corpora lutea (CL) were counted in hematoxylin-eosin- and azoca...

It is difficult to make an early identification of which children with recurrent wheezing will develop asthma in the following years. The Asthma Predictive Index (API) is a questionnaire based on clinical and laboratory parameters used for this end. The measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FE NO) has been used as a marker of eosinophilic airway infammation in asthma patients. Objecti...

Background: Sexual abuse and harassment are among the major threats to labor children, especially girls, which can be associated with anxiety and loneliness. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of Gestalt play therapy on anxiety and loneliness in Afghan female labor children with sexual abuse histories. Methods: This was a Single Case Research Design (SCRD) study of the AB model....

children under 3 years of age must not travel in a car or goods vehicle (other than a taxi) unless restrained in the correct child seat. children aged 3 years or over who are under 150 cm in height and weighing less than 36 kilograms must use the correct child seat, booster seat or booster cushion. rearward-facing child car seats must never be used in the front passenger seat of cars with an ac...