Previous correlational research shows that childhood adversity is associated with earlier age of reproduction in humans and other species. Such studies, however, cannot show that stressful conditions cause earlier reproduction. Using the cold-pressor task, we built on previous work to test the idea that acute stress influences human reproductive and marital ideals, and that individual stress re...

self-regulatory resource management strategies comprise a featuredcharacteristic of successful language learners. the present study investigated theeffect of two of these strategies including time management and effortregulation on learning english. the participants included two classes of secondgrade middle school students (n=64) who were selected from a school in robatkarim based on convenien...

This study examined whether different aspects of self-regulation (i.e., emotion and behavior regulation) account for gender differences in German and mathematics achievement. Specifically, we investigated whether higher school achievement by girls in comparison to boys can be explained by self-regulation. German and mathematics achievement were assessed in a sample of 53 German fifth graders (1...

This study examines the instructional activities that underlie achievement in science using data from the TIMSS-R database. The focus population for this study is 15-yearold students from Cyprus. The results revealed a number of variables that were found to be negatively correlated with achievement as well as variables that were positively correlated with achievement. It appears that the negati...