the extent to which written corrective feedback on linguistic errors can play a role in helping l2 writers improve the accuracy of their writing continues to be an issue of interest to researchers and teachers since truscott (1996) mounted a case for its abolition. while there is growing empirical evidence that written corrective feedback can successfully target some types of linguistic error (...

abstract the present study deals with a comparison between reactive and pre-emptive focus-on-form in terms of application and efficiency. it was conducted in an intermediate english class in shahroud. 15 male learners participated in this research and their age ranged from 18 to 25. a course book, new interchange 3, and a complementary book were used. every session the learners gave lectures o...

Background: In rhinoplasty, periorbital edema and ecchymosis is due to soft tissue trauma and small vessel injury with subsequent exudation and bleeding. The main purpose of this study is to determine the effect of dexamethasone in reducing periorbital edema and ecchymosis and intraoperative bleeding in rhinoplasty patients.Methods: This double-blind study included 90 patients who underwent rhi...

Introduction and Objective: In the modern world, soybean as a valuable meal is used for providing protein and some essential body needs. The stomach also as a part of alimentary canal has its own role in mechanical and chemical digestion. The objective of this study is evaluation of the effects of soy meal on histological and histometrical features of the stomach and also on biochemical factors...

the purpose of this study is identifying effective factors which make customers shop online in iran and investigating the importance of discovered factors in online customers’ decision. in the identifying phase, to discover the factors affecting online shopping behavior of customers in iran, the derived reference model summarizing antecedents of online shopping proposed by change et al. was us...

Background and Objective: An optimal regimen for treatment of Helicobacter pylori should have high efficacy, tolerable side effects, easy administration and should be economical. Intensive efforts are being made to identify such an optimal regimen, but there are many obstacles hindering the achievement of this goal. This study aimed at comparing the rate of HP eradication by examining quadruple...

 Received: 9 Apr , 2013 Accepted: 9 Jun , 2013 Abstract Background & Aims: Post-operative shivering is very common and it is usually followed by many problems such as an increase in oxygen consumption, blood pressure, intracranial and intraocular pressure, and post-operation pain. Therefore, it is very important to prevent shivering especially in the elderly and ischemic heart disease pa...

there are two major theories of measurement in psychometrics: classical test theory (ctt) and item-response theory (irt). despite its widespread and long use, ctt has a number of shortcomings, which make it problematic to be used for practical and theoretical purposes. irt tries to solve these shortcomings, and provide better and more dependable answers. one of the applications of irt is the as...