Many fishes are ammonotelic but some species can detoxify ammonia to glutamine or urea. Certain fish species can accumulate high levels of ammonia in the brain or defense against ammonia toxicity by enhancing the effectiveness of ammonia excretion through active NH4+transport, manipulation of ambient pH, or reduction in ammonia permeability through the branchial and cutaneous epithelia. Recent ...

In this work, reactive absorption of gases in aqueous electrolyte solutions has been investigated resulting in the development of a procedure in order to calculate the concentrations of ionic and molecular species in the liquid phase. Two duplicate experiments were conducted to investigate simultaneous reactive absorption of ammonia and carbon dioxide in partially carbonated ammonia solutio...

Most investigators who have studied ammonia metabolism in liver disease have measured the concentration of ammoniat in whole blood.1'° Only a few authors have used the plasma ammonia concentration.ll" Recently, several cation exchange techniques have been developed that measure the ammonia concentration of plasma.1" There are several theoretical advantages to the use of plasma which compensate ...

BACKGROUND Measurement of pH in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is robust and simple. Acidic source fluid (airway lining fluid) traps bases while volatilising acids, leading to EBC acidification in many lung diseases. Lower airway ammonia is one determinant of airway lining fluid pH, raising the concern that addition of the base ammonia by contamination from the mouth might confound EBC pH assa...

Abstract Single crystals of new [Sr(NH 3 ) 7 ]C 60 ⋅ NH (compound 1 and [K(NH 2 were prepared by extracting mixtures potassium C with liquid ammonia, where for the synthesis solid strontium chloride was added to extraction mixture. The procedure applied relies on self‐contained continuous evaporation condensation ammonia at subcritical conditions in a special, sealed glass vessel, room temperat...

The current study was conducted to determine the LC(50) value of ammonia-N as well as the effects of acute exposure to elevated ammonia on the haemolymph osmolality, ionic composition, ammonia-N and pH levels of early juvenile mud crabs, Scylla serrata. The results show that early S. serrata juveniles have a high 96-h LC(50) value of 95.35 mg/L ammonia-N (6.81 mg/L NH(3)-N) or 6.80 mmol/L total...

• A methodology for process synthesis by superstructure optimization is proposed. multiscale approach considered modelling the ammonia loop. Kinetic rates of Fe- and Ru-based catalysts are evaluated. The number compressors, reactors, type cooling variable. optimal configuration requires an energy consumption 10.67 kW h/kg NH 3 . Ammonia has a potential as carbon-free high-energy density compoun...

Reactions of thorium tetrahalides ThX4 (X=Cl, Br, I) with liquid ammonia at room temperature lead to the formation decaammine thorium(IV) halide ammoniates. Their different compositions [Th(NH3)10]X4 ? nNH3 were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction. While for chloride a tetraammoniate is observed, reaction bromide leads an octaammoniate, whereas iodide results in approximately nonaam...

This study was accomplished to examine the efficiency of natural zeolite in preventing acute toxicity of total ammonia to Huso huso. The study was performed using Water Static Method in 96 hours. Fish averaged 46 ? 5 g in weight and 22 ? 4 cm in total length were exposed to four different concentrations (15, 30, 50, 75 mgL-1) of ammonia and a group was considered as control. Under stable condit...