Though trust and reputation systems have been extensively studied, general architectural commonalities between the two have received little attention. In this paper, we present a life cycle model of reputation and trust systems, along with accompanying measures of how much effect signaling and sanctioning have on a given system. We map reputation attacks within our framework and apply our frame...

Human cooperation depends on individuals caring about their reputation, and so they sometimes attempt to manage them strategically. Here we show that even 5-year-old children strategically manage their reputation. In an experimental setting, children shared significantly more resources with an anonymous recipient when (1) the child watching them could reciprocate later, and (2) the child watchi...


 The contribution places Hegel‘s political philosophy, chieflypresented in Elementsof the Philosophy of Right from 1820 but already adumbrated GermanConstitution 1799-1802, intothe context quarrel between ancients and moderns about relation thecitizen andthe stateand corresponding differentiation freedom civil liberty. In particular, attributes to Hegel a third, conciliatory position beyo...

The parallel study of music in science and creative practice can be traced back to the ancients; and paralleling the emergence of music neuroscience, creative musical practitioners have employed neurobiological phenomena extensively in music composition and performance. Several examples from the author's work in this area, which began in the 1960s, are cited and briefly described. From this per...

We examine the determinants of reputation, an inchoate indicator of regard by one’s peers. The essential questions are: 1) Does the quantity of exposures affect reputation independent of their quality? and 2) Assuming that their overall quality matters for reputation, does the quality of an individual’s most important exposure have an extra effect on reputation? Using a variety of evidence for ...

Undergraduate experiences in lower-division science courses are important factors in student retention in science majors. These courses often include a lecture taught by faculty, supplemented by smaller sections, such as discussions and laboratories, taught by graduate teaching assistants (GTAs). Given that portions of these courses are taught by different instructor types, this study explored ...

Reputation management systems are in wide-spread use to regulate collaborations in cooperative systems. Collusion is one of the most destructive malicious behaviors in which colluders seek to affect a reputation management system in an unfair manner. Many reputation systems are vulnerable to collusion, and some model-specific mitigation methods are proposed to combat collusion. Detection of col...

the effect of supportive companionship on length of labor and desire to breastfeed in primiparous women    samieizadeh toosi t [1] *, sereshti m [2] , dashipur ar [3] , mohammadinia n [4] , arzani a [5]    received : 14 april , 2011 accepted: 10 june , 2011    abstract  background & aims: child birth is the most significant life change experience for primiparous women with lifelong effects on t...