each nation has something to proud and glory it, and this is the manner of arabs who proud about their language and good style, and they maintained on their language because they sent their sons into al badaiy desert’ to keep their arabic language, even with we have found in their language some  arabic and  loan words and from here it was our subject for investigating loan words in the book of ...

lent discharges and it is further added, that ?' in the male this is frequently attended with an inflammation of the testicle, .and in some cases is followed by symptoms referable to the joints and eye." Though in the present day this primary affection of the generative organs has the popular name of Sozdk, and the same name is given to it by the learned writers in Persian or Urdu, such a disea...

The most important reference work for pharmacology in the Islamic Era is Materia Medica by Dioscorides, the Greek scientist. It’s also named fi-hayuli-al-Tibb in the Islamic era. There are several different translation of this book in Arabic and Persian. In this article I’m going to introduce a manuscript of one the Arabic translation of this book which hasn’t been mentioned in any bibliographi...

The contrast sensitivity test has been used to examine vision in different clinical circumstances. Moreover, as contrast sensitivity is affected by several ocular states, its measurement has been considered practically for monitoring and assessment of a wide range of visual functions, predicting vision related abilities, diagnosing several ophthalmic conditions, and evaluating many ocular disor...

Urdu is a challenging language because of, first, its Perso-Arabic script and second, its morphological system having inherent grammatical forms and vocabulary of Arabic, Persian and the native languages of South Asia. This paper describes an implementation of the Urdu language as a software API, and we deal with orthography, morphology and the extraction of the lexicon. The morphology is imple...

abd al-rah?m?n al-s??f? is a well-known astronomer who has some works in astronomy, mathematics and alchemy. the importance of his s?uwar al-kaw?kib (book about the constellations) caused that researchers don’t practice his other works. four treatises on astrolabe are ascribed to al-s??f?, any one of them is in persian. attribution of the three arabic treatises among these four to him is certai...

Urdu is a challenging language because of, first, its Perso-Arabic script, second, its morphological system having inherent grammatical forms and vocabulary of Arabic, Persian and the native languages of South Asia and third, its pragmatically neutral constituent order (SOV Subject Object Verb). Today, the state of art technology to write grammars (morphology + syntax) is to use specialpurpose ...