assessment is considered as one of the fundamental elements in the field of foreign language acquisition. in order for communication take place, adequate number of vocabulary is needed to be known by the learners. the salient role of vocabulary in the field of foreign language acquisition resulted in the publication of several hundreds of papers and dozens of books. due to the dominant role of ...

ESP students are usually suggested to master general and academic word lists such as Wests’ (1953) General Service List (GSL) and Coxhead’s (2000) Academic Word List (AWL) to be able to read their academic texts. However, it seems that university students may not need to learn all the words in the two lists as some words in the lists are of less frequency in academic texts. Moreover, there are ...

denotation is defined as being a sign of something, as smoke denotes fire. however, literal denotation is used where meaning of a word takes shape in the mind because of conception of the word. taking shape of meanings of words in man’s mind may be caused by such variety of causes as structure of the word, role of the word in a phrase, using a dictionary, circumstances of utterance of the word,...

Word Shape Tokens (WSTs) are tokens used to represent words based on the overall shape or contour of a word as it appears in printed text. A character shape code (CSC) mapping function is used to aggregate similarly shaped letters such as \g" and \y" into one single code to represent those letters. The rationale behind this is that it is far easier and more accurate to map a scanned image of a ...