power of attorney (pa) contract is among the specified contracts that are widely used in society and people’s legal relations, because on one hand, people are not compelled to directly vindicate their rights and, on the other hand, the above-mentioned contract is of high importance in lawsuits and restoring the victim’s rights in courts of law. through signing contract of pa, the attorney and t...

Antitrust regulations are meant to promote fair competition in the market, but balancing administrative and legal costs with enforcement can be difficult when multilayered supply chains involved. The canonical example of this challenge is landmark Illinois Brick ruling, which limits antitrust damages only direct purchasers a product; for instance, consumers file claims against colluding retaile...

The importance of banking institutions’ existence in one side provide very high risk for banks and the other profit public as fund user’s clients. Standard contract circulating seen from viewpoint many parties is still detrimental with clauses presence contract. content standard general biased because it tends to benefit maker. if legal being debated terms principles validity requirement an agr...

although the corrupted condition is not protected by sanctions, there are three beliefs as to whether its corruption (fasād) permeates the contract (‘aqd) or not: theory of fasād, theory of non-permeation of fasād, theory of detailed specification (tafṣīl). the proponents of the latter theory claim the total exclusion of the condition that causes disturbance in the basic components of the contr...