conclusions radiological findings pleaded for a pituitary stone, but calcified adenomas in women, and calcified craniopharyngioma in the pediatric case could not be excluded, as our three patients were not operated on. introduction pituitary stone or pituitary calculus is a scientific enigma characterized by a large calcification in the pituitary sella. it can be discovered incidentally or in a...

pheochromocytoma is a catecholamine‑producing tumor. there are a very few reported cases of clinical pheochromocytoma. here, we report a 27‑year‑old woman para 1 live 1 with chief complaint of headache, confusion, nausea, and vomiting 2 days after cesarean section. she was anxious and had palpitation. on physical examination, fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, high blood pressure, and right thyroid...

introduction: among the endocrine diseases, hypothyroidism is the commonest after diabetes.thyroid hormones (t3,t4) are essential for genital organs function. apoptosis process in ovarian cells plays a significant role of development in ovarian follicles. the aim of the present study was determine the apoptotic index induced by hypothyroidism in rat ovarian follicles. materials and methods: in ...

Correction to: Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of sleep disturbance on histological features and evaluates expression StAR protein in cortex adrenal gland adult male rats. suprarenal glands are endocrine organs that directly affected by deprivation. Sleep is a stress factor affecting steroidogenesis since it regulated hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA). Its hormones cholesterol-derive...

A congenitally absent unilateral submandibular gland is a rare condition. We present such a case with an associated ipsilateral benign hyperplastic sublingual gland. The enlarged sublingual gland may well represent a compensatory response to the missing submandibular gland, but it is known that sublingual gland tumours are malignant in approximately 90% of cases and so a sublingual gland swelli...

Introduction: Natural killer (NK) cells, of which CD56 is a specific marker, play an important role in host defense against tumors. Cancer stem cells, of which aldehyde dehydrogenase isoform 1 (ALDH1) is an immunohistochemical marker, are a group of tumorigenic cells which are involved in migration and tumor recurrences. We aimed to evaluate the expression of ALDH1 and CD56 in common salivary g...

Exposure to light reduces the ability of the rat pineal gland to synthesize melatonin and decreases the weight of the gland. When the sympathetic nerves to the pineal gland are cut, light no longer has an effect on melatonin synthesis or pineal weight. The response of the gland does not require that the gonads or the pituitary gland be present.

Sublingual gland sialolithiasis is rare and may be misdiagnosed as submandibular gland sialolithiasis, which is more common. It is important to preoperatively determine which gland is involved, because they require different surgical approaches. Computed tomography is useful for distinguishing between sublingual gland and submandibular gland sialolithiasis. Here we present a case of sublingual ...

Introduction: Solitary fibrous tumor is a rare, mesenchymal neoplasm that has been reported in numerous sites. Occurrence in the parotid gland is exceedingly rare.   Case Report: A 53-year-old man with a 2 cm solitary fibrous tumor of the left parotid gland, that was observed clinically and operatively and thought to be a neoplasm arising from Stensen's duct, is described. A pre-operative CT sc...