More than 40 variations of intercellular organelle transfer, such as a mitochondria or lysosome originating in one cell being transported to another cell, have been described. We review the mechanisms and subcellular structures by which, and conditions under which, transfer occurs, with particular attention paid to the role of external cell stress in activating transfer. We propose a research a...

The mental representation of the self is a complex construct, comprising both conceptual information, and perceptual information regarding the body. Evidence suggests that both the conceptual self-representation and the bodily self-representation are malleable, and that these different aspects of the self are linked. Changes in bodily self-representation appear to affect how the self is concept...

We read with interest the inaugural editorial by Peter Tyrer (2003). We especially welcome his hope to continue the quest of his predecessor to make the Journal ‘the leading international journal of general psychiatry’. Responding to his invitation for feedback, we offer the following comments and suggestions. As suggested by Patel & Sumathipala (2001), evidence to influence mental health polic...

Regions tuned to individual visual categories, such as faces and objects, have been discovered in the later stages of the ventral visual pathway in the cortex. But most visual experience is composed of scenes, where multiple objects are interacting. Such interactions are readily described by prepositions or verb forms, for example, a bird perched on a birdhouse. At what stage in the pathway doe...

Entrepreneurs often get their ideas from working as employees in established firms. However, employees with ideas can also become intrapreneurs, or even managers of corporate spin-offs. This paper shows how innovation and entrepreneurship are influenced by company policies. Using a multi-task incentives model, we identify a trade-off between focussing employees on their assigned tasks, versus e...

I am profoundly grateful to Tom Bouchard for helping me learn to think scientifically. Scientific thinking, which is characterized by a set of safeguards against confirmation bias, does not come naturally to the human species, as the relatively recent appearance of science in history attests. Even today, scientific thinking is in woefully short supply in many domains of psychology, including cl...

Becoming a skilled practitioner means learning both conceptual and process knowledge. We propose the use of hypermedia to provide components of an apprenticeship learning model for students, in which process and conceptual knowledge learning is integrated. Our model for this use of hypermedia is called an Apprenticeship Based Learning Environment (ABLE). We present seven design principles for a...

Expanding access to essential medicines has become one of the most visible challenges of global health delivery. Only a half-century ago, however, the role of medicines in international public health was far less obvious. Indeed, the original 1946 Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO) barely mentioned medicines. 1 How did access to drugs assume such a central role within global he...