Grain boundary and surface segregation of Bi in Cu were investigated under identical conditions. Cu bicrystals containing deliberately made internal cavities at the interfaces were doped with Bi, annealed at different temperatures, and broken in an Auger microprobe. The segregation level at the free surfaces was found to be higher than that at grain boundaries. Grain-boundary and surface segreg...

As the proportion of renewable energy power generation continues to increase, number grid-connected microgrids is gradually increasing, and geographically adjacent can be interconnected form a Micro-Grid Community (MGC). In order reduce operation maintenance costs single micro grid adverse effects caused by unnecessary interaction between main while improving overall economic benefits community...

tomato seedlings were inoculated with t. harzianum bi (106 spores/ml) and salicylic acid (5mm) other separately or combined together in the greenhouse environment. the effect of salicylic acid was investigated on growth of antagonistic agent in vitro. for an investigation of the effect of salicylic acid and of antagonist on pathogenecity factor, treatment with t. harzianum bi by drenching soil ...

This paper proposes a hierarchical hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE) based algorithm (HHPSODE) to deal with bi-level programming problem (BLPP). To overcome the shortcomings of basic PSO and basic DE, this paper improves PSO and DE, respectively by using a velocity and position modulation method in PSO and a modified mutation strategy in DE. HHPSODE employ...

BACKGROUND Cheyne - Stokes respiration with central sleep apnea (CSR-CSA) contributes to the poor prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Bi-level positive airway pressure (bi-level PAP) may be an effective alternative for treating CSR-CSA and CHF. METHODS AND RESULTS Fourteen patients with CSR-CSA were divided into 2 groups, a control group that included 7 patients who dec...

Management and scheduling of flights and assignment of gates to aircraft play a significant role to improve the performance of the airport, due to the growing number of flights and decreasing the flight times. This research addresses the assignement and scheduling problem of runways and gates simultaneously. Moreover, this research is the first study that considers the constraint of unavailabil...