The Acute Toxic Class (ATC) Methods for the oral, dermal and inhalation routes were developed as alternatives to the respective LD/LC50 Tests. The ATC Methods use at least 40% (and up to 90%) fewer animals and their reliability with respect to classification probabilities into one of several toxicity classes is in the same order of magnitude or even better in comparison to the LD/LC50 Tests. Th...

To the Editor: In “Collision tumors of the thyroid: A case report and review of the literature,” Ryan et al describe an interesting case of an 88-year-old woman with airway compromise because of a thyroid mass. This patient also had widespread metastases on presentation. Surgical pathology demonstrated a papillary thyroid carcinoma and a squamous cell carcinoma. This case is a common scenario t...

cent initiatives involving social psychology applications in the aviation world have redoubled the interest in ept of teams and teamwork. The importance of teamwork in airline cockpits, hailed as cockpit (or crew-) management (CRM), has been recognized for a relatively long time. It is also widely agreed that extensive ctive interaction among participants in the National Airspace System (NAS), ...

Technetium-99m-antimony trisulfide colloid ((99m)Tc-ATC) was investigated with varying specific activity in the rat lymphatic system, as well as its binding to rat blood cells in vitro. Low, moderate and high doses of (99m)Tc-ATC were subdermally injected into tails of rats (n=3) and 30min later whole body lymphoscintigraphic images were acquired. (99m)Tc-ATC was incubated for 30min at 37°C wit...

Radioactive-iodine (RAI) therapy is typically unprevailing as anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) management, owing to the decrease in the endogenous sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expression. Therefore, new strategies for NIS re-induction are required to improve the efficacy of RAI therapy in ATC. In this study, we developed a novel high-throughput NIS enhancer screening platform using a dual repor...

PURPOSE Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) remains one of the most lethal known human cancers. Targeted molecular therapy with cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor, offers new treatment potentials for patient with ATC. Cetuximab has also been reported to have synergistic effects when combined with irinotecan, a topoisomerase inhibitor. Therefore, we hypothes...

BACKGROUND Mortality from trauma remains a major public health issue as it is the leading cause of death in persons aged 5 to 44 years. Uncontrolled hemorrhage and coagulopathy is responsible for over 50% of all trauma related deaths within the first 48 hrs of admission. Coagulation profiles are not routinely done among trauma patients in resource limited settings and there is a paucity of data...

With the high penetration of renewable energy resources, power systems are facing increasing challenges in terms flexibility and regulation capability. To address these, storage (ESSs) have been deployed on both transmission distribution systems. However, it is hard to coordinate these ESSs with a single centralized optimization, time-domain coupling constraints lead optimization complexity tim...