Filamentous actin is one of the most important cytoskeletal elements. Not only is it responsible for the elastic properties of many cell types, but it also plays a vital role in cellular adhesion and motility. Understanding the bundling kinetics of actin filaments is important in the formation of various cytoskeletal structures, such as filopodia and stress fibers. Utilizing a unique pillar-str...

This paper examines the economic logic underlying bundles and tie-in sales and uses the lessons learned from that examination to analyze seven specific instances of bundling that have been the subject of antitrust scrutiny or other policy initiatives. It is particularly interested in products that are non-rivalrous in consumption, making all-you-can-eat pricing a viable candidate for efficiency...

The Authors conducted a long-term follow-up study of John Deere 1490 forwarder-mounted bundler owned by Portuguese company and used for bundling logging residues from fast-growing eucalypt plantations located in Portugal Spain. spanned 7 years, 2011 to 2016. During this time, the machine clocked over 11,500 h produced more than 200,000 bundles or 75,000 green tons biomass. Bundle length was com...

In this paper the design of the service network in intermodal barge transport is studied. The network of inland barge terminals is modeled to demonstrate potential cooperations in a corridor network. Cooperation between inland terminals leads to bundling of freight flows in the hinterland of major ports. A service network design methodology for intermodal barge transport is developed and applie...

Edge bundling is an important concept heavily used for graph visualization purposes. To enable the comparison with other established near-planarity models in graph drawing, we formulate a new edge-bundling model which is inspired by the recently introduced fan-planar graphs. In particular, we restrict the bundling to the endsegments of the edges. Similarly to 1-planarity, we call our model 1-fa...

We examine the mechanism of bundling of cytoskeletal actin filaments by two representative bundling proteins, fascin and espin. Small-angle x-ray studies show that increased binding from linkers drives a systematic overtwist of actin filaments from their native state, which occurs in a linker-dependent fashion. Fascin bundles actin into a continuous spectrum of intermediate twist states, while ...

Taxol, a diterpenoid plant product that enhances the polymerization of tubulin, is currently entering clinical trials in the treatment of human leukemia. In order to develop an in vitro assay to predict tumor sensitivity to taxol, human leukemic cell lines were exposed to clinically achievable concentrations of taxol for relevant exposure periods. Changes in microtubules visualized by indirect ...

Bundling of products is very prevalent in the marketplace. For example, travel and a rental car (Dolan, 1987), music systems come as a bundle packages include airfare, lodging, and a rental car. Considerable economic of the speakers, amplifier, stereo, and graphic equalizer, and research has focused on the change in profits and consumer surplus that razors and razor blades are routinely sold to...

Excessive information and data exchanges between companies and public administrations create a need for the bundling of processes. Process bundles are created whenever cross-organizational processes are combined or interlinked. While a considerable amount of literature addressing the process of reorganizing, optimizing, or reengineering processes exists, much less is known about concrete approa...

Fascin is an actin-binding and bundling protein that is highly upregulated in most epithelial cancers. Fascin promotes cell migration and adhesion dynamics in vitro and tumour cell metastasis in vivo. However, potential non-actin bundling roles for fascin remain unknown. Here, we show for the first time that fascin can directly interact with the microtubule cytoskeleton and that this does not d...