BACKGROUND Acute renal failure (ARF) develops in 23% of all critically ill patients. Hypotension occurs in 25% to 50% of patients during intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) for ARF. Blood volume (BV) monitoring has been used in chronic renal failure, with limited use in ARF during IHD. Continuous BV monitoring in the stable critically ill patient with ARF could predict, and possibly prevent, develo...

BACKGROUND Bacterial vaginosis (BV), an alteration of vaginal flora involving a decrease in Lactobacilli and predominance of anaerobic bacteria, is among the most common cause of vaginal complaints for women of childbearing age. It is well known that BV has an influence in acquisition of certain genital infections. However, association between BV and cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infectio...

Bee venom (BV), which is extracted from honeybees, is used in traditional Korean medical therapy. Several groups have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of BV in osteoarthritis both in vivo and in vitro. Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Changes in glutamate release and uptake due to alterations in the activity of glutamate tra...

The goal of the present study was to determine whether bee venom (BV) injection into the Zhongwan acupoint (CV12), compared to injection into a non-acupoint, produced antinociception in an acetic acid-induced visceral pain model. This was accomplished by injecting BV subcutaneously into the Zhongwan acupoint or into a non-acupoint 30 min before intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid in ICR mi...

The bacterial extract Broncho-Vaxom (OM-85 BV) given orally to patients is used for the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infections. We investigated OM-85 BV efficacy against viral and bacterial infections in murine models. We first evaluated its role of protecting from an A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) influenza virus infection. In a group treated with OM85 BV all animals survived, compared to ...

Fluorescent proteins (FPs) engineered from bacterial phytochromes attract attention as probes for in vivo imaging due to their near-infrared (NIR) spectra and use of available in mammalian cells biliverdin (BV) as chromophore. We studied spectral properties of the iRFP670, iRFP682 and iRFP713 proteins and their mutants having Cys residues able to bind BV either in both PAS (Cys15) and GAF (Cys2...

BACKGROUND Membrane protein interactions play an important role in cell-to-cell recognition in various biological activities such as in the immune or neural system. Nevertheless, there has remained the major obstacle of expression of the membrane proteins in their active form. Recently, we and other investigators found that functional membrane proteins express on baculovirus particles (budded v...

OBJECT The basal vein of Rosenthal (BV) courses from the premesencephalic cistern, through the ambient cistern, and terminates in the quadrigeminal cistern. The aim of this study was to describe and quantitate the surgical anatomy of this structure and specifically to provide landmarks for identifying this vessel along its course. These data may be of use, for example, to surgeons using subtemp...

Recognition of importance of angiogenesis to tumor growth, metastasis, and treatment outcome has led to efforts to develop non-invasive methods for longitudinal monitoring of tumor microvasculature. We describe a steady-state MRI technique to determine absolute blood volume (BV) as a marker of microvascular density with improved spatial and temporal resolution using an ultra small super paramag...