The health impact of long-term exposure to air pollution is now routinely estimated using spatial ecological studies, owing to the recent widespread availability of spatial referenced pollution and disease data. However, this areal unit study design presents a number of statistical challenges, which if ignored have the potential to bias the estimated pollution-health relationship. One such chal...

BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that near-roadway air pollution (NRP) exposure causes childhood asthma. The associated costs are not well documented. OBJECTIVE We estimated the cost of childhood asthma attributable to residential NRP exposure and regional ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels in Los Angeles County. We developed a novel approach to apportion the costs between thes...

Daily and seasonal fluctuations in mortality have been positively and significantly associated with ambient concentrations of atmospheric pollution and meteorological variables such as temperature and barometric pressure. However, much less is known about the health risk from atmospheric pollutants in the context of frequently occurring weather patterns. The objective of this study is to assess...

The particles emitted from vehicular exhaust usually include particles less than 10 micron diameter (PM10) which get accumulated in the lungs and produce respiratory impairments. This study was taken up to assess the effect of vehicular exhaust on their pulmonary functions readings. The spirometric analysis of traffic policemen revealed FEV1 2.35 L, FVC 3.19L and PEF 7.8 L/s when compared with ...

To reduce the effects of global warming, green house, pollution, we humans are always making an efforts to minimize its causes. Hence humans are attracted towards pollution free assets as reason behind this pollution hazards are due to burning of petroleum fuels. Considering this major effects electric vehicle concept is introduced in the market. Market penetration of electric vehicle is growin...

We estimated vulnerability and pollution risk of groundwater at the pan-African scale. We therefore compiled the most recent continental scale information on soil, land use, geology, hydrogeology and climate in a Geographical Information System (GIS) at a resolution of 15 km × 15 km and at the scale of 1:60,000,000. The groundwater vulnerability map was constructed by means of the DRASTIC metho...

Early concerns regarding the health-related effects of air pollution originated from severe episodes in Meuse Valley, Belgium, in 1930; Donora, Pennsylvania, in 1948; and London, in 1952. Although the overall effects of these episodes continue to be debated, well-documented, episode-related increases in morbidity and mortality from cardiopulmonary causes provided dramatic evidence that extremel...

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is noxious, phototoxic and causes eutrophication. NO2 is one of the major precursors of ground level ozone pollution. Emission rates and emission concentrations of various pollutants from stationary sources of power plant emissions are calculated using Emission Inventory methodologies. Ground level concentrations of Nitrogen oxide (NOx) pollution are predicted by Gaussian...