The antibacterial activities of eight snake crude venom (Macrovipera lebetina obtusa, Pseudocerastes persicus, Pseudocerastes urarachnoides, Echis carinatus sochureki, Gloydius halys caucasicus, Naja (naja) oxiana, and two species of true sea snakes Enhydrina schistose and Hydrophis cyanocinctus) were assessed against five important standard pathogenic bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, ...

Between 1991-2000, Leishmania species were isolated and characterized by isoenzyme and molecular analysis from rodents caught in various parts of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In areas endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis, parasites were observed by direct microscopy in smears from 18.6% of 566 specimens. L. major was isolated from 4 species: Rhombomys opimus, Meriones libycus, Tatera indica and...

Motility of spermatozoa was studied on 12 and 7 specimens of Acipenser persicus and A. stellatus, respectively. The density measured to be 2.22±0.65x109ml-1 in A. persicus and 2.21±0.55x109ml-1 in A. stellatus. Semen samples were diluted with two extenders containing tris 118mM, sucrose 23.4mM, pH=8, egg yolk (20%), dimethyl sulfoxide (15%) and penicillin potassium (500IU/ml) and biociphus exte...