Till date, English as a Second Language (ESL) educators involved in teaching language and communication to engineering students face an uphill task in developing graduate communicative competency. This challenge is accentuated by the apparent lack of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) materials for engineering students in the engineering curriculum. As such, most ESL educators are forced to pl...

Lexical chunks have in recent years become widely recognized as a crucial aspect of second language competence. We address two major sorts of challenge that chunks pose for lexicography and describe computational approaches to addressing these challenges. The first challenge is lexical knowledge discovery, that is, the need to uncover which strings of words constitute chunks worthy of learners’...

In this two-stage empirical research, the authors attempted to study the impact of promoting translation sub-competences defined by PACTE's Multi-Componential Model for Translation Competence on the promotion of total translation competence as the first stage. The experiment for this purpose was conducted on a group of Iranian undergraduate students comprising of their exposure to a targeted sy...

Abstract This Article traces the concept of transnational public policy as developed in context international arbitration at intersection between legal theory and practice. The emergence such a policy, it is claimed, would enable arbitrators to safeguard ultimately define interests that need be protected globalized economy, irrespective national laws. A historical contextualization efforts empo...

Do civil juries follow the broad dictates of the law? For example, do those plaintiffs who suffer greater damages receive greater awards? Do juries empty “deep pockets,” and, if so, by how much? Are juries consistent? In many states automobile accidents are first tried by a professional arbitrator and then by a jury if one of the litigants is dissatisfied with the outcome. How do the decisions ...

studies in cognitive linguistics have highlighted the importance of metaphors for language teaching. metaphoric competence, as an important aspect of intelligence, can contribute to the learning of languages. most textbooks in esl/efl avoid the issue of figurative language and concentrate only on the denotative aspects of language. this article reports a study conducted at the islamic azad univ...

Introduction: The State of Kuwait spends large sums of governmental funds on sending patients abroad to receive medical treatment. This study aimed to explain the rationale behind receiving primary medical care overseas, given the expense and inconvenience, from the perspective of Kuwaiti patients whose applications were approved. Methods: The survey was ...

|Behavior-based approach has been successfully applied to design the control system of a robot. This paper presents our approach, based on evolutionary algorithms , to program behavior-based robots automatically. Instead of handcoding all the behavior controllers or evolving an entire control system for an overall task, we suggest our approach at the intermediate level: it includes evolving beh...