Since Marshall (1890), it has been common for economists to model knowledge transfers as exogenous spillovers. However, there are many instances of knowledge transfers that are deliberate and reciprocal. This paper models these endogenous knowledge transfers and shows that endogenous knowledge barter is fundamentally different than exogenous spillovers. Holding city size fixed, we show that kno...

As governments, committed to neo-liberalism but still committed to pursuing national economic success, seek for policy approaches that evade international competition law, they may turn to favouring national champion cities, usually but not always capital cities. This usually also favours particular industries and firms, but only indirectly. This is not the same as policies for favouring backwa...

C. Harrison B. Eckman R. Hamilton P. Hartswick J. Kalagnanam J. Paraszczak P. Williams This paper describes the information technology (IT) foundation and principles for Smarter Citiesi. Smarter Cities are urban areas that exploit operational data, such as that arising from traff ic congestion, power consumption statistics, and public safety events, to optimize the operation of city services. T...

Great cities connect people; failed cities isolate people. Despite the fundamental importance of physical, face-to-face social ties in the functioning of cities, these connectivity networks are not explicitly observed in their entirety. Attempts at estimating them often rely on unrealistic over-simplifications such as the assumption of spatial homogeneity. Here we propose a mathematical model o...

This paper is an empirical investigation of the determinants of city growth in Australia from 1981 to 1991. Our basic goal is to explain the population and labour force growth of a cross section of cities in the time period using variables representing the initial characteristics of cities. While we find that city growth is negatively correlated with initial size, government sector employment a...

Germany's big cities are gaining in attractiveness both as a place for living and as a location for companies. Even as Germany's total population is declining, the population of cities increased by nearly 3 percent between 1999 and 2008. The same is true for spatial shifts in the economy: During the past 10 years employment in big cities increased by nearly 4 percent while stagnating in Germany...