BACKGROUND Improved armor and battlefield medicine have led to better survival in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan than any previous ones. Increased frequency and severity of craniomaxillofacial injuries have been proposed. A comprehensive characterization of the injury pattern sustained during this 10-year period to the craniomaxillofacial region is needed to improve our understanding of these...

The lava section in the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus, is chemically stratified and divided into a shallow lava sequence with low TiO2 content and a deeper lava sequence with high TiO2 content. We calculate the viscosity at magmatic temperature based on major element chemistry of lavas in Cyprus Crustal Drilling Project (CCSP) Holes CY-1 and 1A. We find that typical shallow low-Ti lavas have a magm...

Recently, cell-based replicon systems for hepatitis C virus (HCV), in which the nonstructural proteins stably replicate subgenomic viral RNA in Huh7 cells, were developed. To date, one limitation of using these replicon systems to advance drug discovery is the inability of other genotypic derivatives, beyond those of two distinct strains of genotype 1b (HCV-N and Con1), to stably replicate in H...

background: fractures of the femoral shaft are mostly the result of high-energy accidents that also cause multiple trauma injuries, in particular ipsilateral knee and hip injuries. the purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of injuries associated with femoral shaft fractures and how many of them were undetected. methods: we studied 148 patients (150 femoral shaft fractures) with...

context groin injuries are among the most common injuries co-existing with sports. the aim of this review was to outline the epidemiology and identify risk factors, as well as examine preventative and interventional measures for reducing the occurrence of this form of injury among athletes. evidence acquisition an electronic, systematic search for relevant keywords, either separately or in comb...

Five isolates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA from patients with chronic liver disease in Nepal were not classifiable into the known genotypes I/1a, II/1b, III/2a, IV/2b or V/3a using PCR with type-specific primers deduced from the HCV core gene. Their nucleotide sequences were determined for the 5'-terminal 1.5 kilobases and 3'-terminal 1.2 kilobases, covering 30% of the entire genome, and comp...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Many series describing the management of major bile duct injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy have been reported with satisfactory short-term results. However, the information of their prognosis with sufficient time-period follow-up is sparse. METHODS Sixteen consecutive patients with major bile duct injury following laparoscopic cholecystectomy were retrospec...

Patients presenting to the emergency department with bite injuries to the hand sustain them through a number of causes including domesticated as well as stray animal bites, and human bites commonly sustained as a result of violence. The nature of the injuries sustained can be very deceptive. A small tooth mark on the exterior can be a fulminant infection in the tissues deeper down. Tendon injur...