cations the text of the explanatory notes that accompany a set of two maps co-published in 1999 by the Commission for the Geological Map of the World and ANDRA entitled: Maps of the World Environment during the last two Climatic Extremes (1. The Last Glacial Maximum — ca 18,000 ± 2,000 yrs B.P., 2. The Holocene Optimum — ca 8,000 ± 1,000 yrs B.P.). A reduced version of these two maps, originall...

food security in the world that water shortages are faced is very important, especially in arid regions. effects of climate change on agricultural water requirement have doubled this importance. in this study, the risk of water demand has been assessed for a wide range of products under climate change. aogcm models have been used to simulate climate variables. the climate change scenarios of cl...

one of the major issues of increasing agricultural production, is adaptation of technology to specific climatic variables in cultivated areas. knowing the weather and climatic condition and periodic yearly and multi-year changes of meteorological phenomena and deviations from normal values ​​are of major requirements of modern agriculture. in this study, daily, monthly and annual weather data o...

Two independent multidisciplinary studies of climatic change during the glacial-Holocene transition (ca. 14,000-9,000 calendar yr B.P.) from Norway and Switzerland have assessed organism responses to the rapid climatic changes and made quantitative temperature reconstructions with modern calibration data sets (transfer functions). Chronology at Krakenes, western Norway, was derived from calibra...

Topographically complex regions on land and in the oceans feature hotspots of biodiversity that reflect geological influences on ecological and evolutionary processes. Over geologic time, topographic diversity gradients wax and wane over millions of years, tracking tectonic or climatic history. Topographic diversity gradients from the present day and the past can result from the generation of s...

Aim Although climatic fluctuations occurred world-wide during the Pleistocene, the severity of glacial and drought events – and hence their influence on animal and plant biogeography – differed among regions. Many Holarctic species were forced to warmer-climate refugia during glacial periods, leaving the genetic signature of recent expansion and gene flow among modern-day populations. Montane s...

This contribution provides an overview of the intricacies of mountain climates, particularly as they pertain to the European Alps. Examples will be given of issues that are related to climatic change as observed in the Alps during the course of the 20th century, and some of the physical mechanisms that may be responsible for those changes. The discussion will then focus on the problems related ...

Emergence and resurgence of mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, Japanese encephalitis and filariasis both in tropical and subtropical regions are well known. It is estimated that 500 million – one in every ten persons suffer from one or more tropical diseases and the global situation of lymphatic filariasis is reported as the 4th rank1.. The geo-climatic conditions in India are con...

The abundance of Canadian lynx follows 10-year density fluctuations across the Canadian subcontinent. These cyclic fluctuations have earlier been shown to be geographically structured into three climatic regions: the Atlantic, Continental, and Pacific zones. Recent genetic evidence revealed an essentially similar spatial structuring. Introducing a new population model, the "climate forcing of e...

Ross River virus is a common mosquito-borne arbovirus responsible for outbreaks of polyarthritic disease throughout Australia. To better understand climatic factors preceding outbreaks, we compared seasonal and monthly rainfall and temperature trends in outbreak and nonoutbreak years at four epidemic-prone locations. Our analyses showed that rainfall in outbreak years tended to be above average...