evidence acquisition this article aims at offering clinicians a brief update on the recent epidemiology of respiratory infections in pediatrics. it also underlines the fact that any evidence-based recommendation needs more research in different areas. context respiratory tract infections are the main cause of children’s morbidity and mortality both in the developing and the developed countries....

background: gastrointestinal cancers are among the most common cancers in different communities. gastrointestinal tract cancer is the most common cancer among iranian men and the second common cancer among iranian women. due to the impact of environmental factors on the risk of gastrointestinal cancer and the increasing use of agricultural pesticides, this study aimed to investigate the effects...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used extensively as a method of investigating the corticomotor physiology of many motor tasks, including healthy and disordered swallowing. Changes in excitability of cortical projections to various swallowing muscles have been documented in response to treatments with TMS induced motor evoked potentials (MEPs). These studies have provided valuab...

The purpose of this review is to demonstrate that respiration is a complex behavior comprising both brainstem autonomic control and supramedullary influences, including volition. Whereas some fundamental mechanisms had to be established using animal models, this review focuses on clinical cases and physiological studies in humans to illustrate normal and abnormal respiratory behavior. To summar...

In this paper, we present a novel deformable registration algorithm for diffusion tensor MR images that enables explicit optimization of tensor reorientation. The optimization seeks a piecewise affine transformation that divides the image domain into uniform regions and transform each region affinely. The objective function captures both the image similarity and the smoothness of the transforma...

Progressive bulbar palsy is a progressive motor 1. neuron disease that affects only the muscles supplied by bulbar motor nuclei and the corticobulbar pathways. To the extent that both upper and lower motor neuron defi cits are discerned, ALS can be diagnosed as above. Flail arm syndrome (Vulpian Bernhard syn2. drome) and Flail leg syndrome begin with asymmetric defi cits of the arms or legs. Wh...

Lower cranial nerve palsies in various combinations involving the hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal, vagal, and the accessory nerves occur in internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection. 17 The hypoglossal nerve (cn-XII) is most often aVected. It is suggested that the close proximity of these nerves to the cervical ICA may subject them to mechanical injury either by the expansion of the dissected arte...